README.md

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ npm run start
 npm run db:generate
 npm run db:migrate
 npm run db:studio
+npm run db:export   # Backup database
+npm run db:import   # Restore from backup
 ```
 
 You can also run per workspace:
@@ -117,6 +119,25 @@ Then run:
 npm run db:migrate
 ```
 
+### Backups (export / import)
+
+Create backups and restore if needed:
+
+```bash
+# Export (creates timestamped file in backend/data/backups/)
+npm run db:export
+
+# Export to custom path
+npm run db:export -- -o ./my-backup.db    # SQLite
+npm run db:export -- -o ./my-backup.sql   # PostgreSQL
+
+# Import (stop the backend server first)
+npm run db:import -- ./data/backups/spanglish-2025-03-07-143022.db
+npm run db:import -- --yes ./data/backups/spanglish-2025-03-07.sql   # Skip confirmation
+```
+
+**Note:** Stop the backend before importing so the database file is not locked.
+
 ## Production deployment (nginx + systemd)
 
 This repo includes example configs in `deploy/`:

backend/package.json

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
     "start": "NODE_ENV=production node dist/index.js",
     "db:generate": "drizzle-kit generate",
     "db:migrate": "tsx src/db/migrate.ts",
-    "db:studio": "drizzle-kit studio"
+    "db:studio": "drizzle-kit studio",
+    "db:export": "tsx src/db/export.ts",
+    "db:import": "tsx src/db/import.ts"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@hono/node-server": "^1.11.4",

backend/src/db/export.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import 'dotenv/config';
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, writeFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { dirname, resolve } from 'path';
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
+import Database from 'better-sqlite3';
+
+const dbType = process.env.DB_TYPE || 'sqlite';
+const dbPath = process.env.DATABASE_URL || './data/spanglish.db';
+const BACKUP_DIR = resolve(process.cwd(), 'data', 'backups');
+
+function parseArgs(): { output?: string } {
+  const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+  const result: { output?: string } = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+    if (args[i] === '-o' || args[i] === '--output') {
+      result.output = args[i + 1];
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function getTimestamp(): string {
+  const now = new Date();
+  const y = now.getFullYear();
+  const m = String(now.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0');
+  const d = String(now.getDate()).padStart(2, '0');
+  const h = String(now.getHours()).padStart(2, '0');
+  const min = String(now.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0');
+  const s = String(now.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0');
+  return `${y}-${m}-${d}-${h}${min}${s}`;
+}
+
+function exportSqlite(outputPath: string): void {
+  const db = new Database(resolve(process.cwd(), dbPath), { readonly: true });
+  try {
+    db.backup(outputPath);
+    console.log(`Exported to ${outputPath}`);
+  } finally {
+    db.close();
+  }
+}
+
+function exportPostgres(outputPath: string): void {
+  const connString = process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'postgresql://localhost:5432/spanglish';
+  const result = spawnSync(
+    'pg_dump',
+    ['--clean', '--if-exists', connString],
+    {
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+    }
+  );
+
+  if (result.error) {
+    console.error('pg_dump failed. Ensure pg_dump is installed and in PATH.');
+    console.error(result.error.message);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (result.status !== 0) {
+    console.error('pg_dump failed:', result.stderr);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  writeFileSync(outputPath, result.stdout);
+  console.log(`Exported to ${outputPath}`);
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  const { output } = parseArgs();
+  const ext = dbType === 'postgres' ? '.sql' : '.db';
+  const defaultName = `spanglish-${getTimestamp()}${ext}`;
+
+  const outputPath = output
+    ? resolve(process.cwd(), output)
+    : resolve(BACKUP_DIR, defaultName);
+
+  const dir = dirname(outputPath);
+  if (!existsSync(dir)) {
+    mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Database type: ${dbType}`);
+  if (dbType === 'sqlite') {
+    exportSqlite(outputPath);
+  } else {
+    exportPostgres(outputPath);
+  }
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error('Export failed:', err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});

backend/src/db/import.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import 'dotenv/config';
+import { copyFileSync, existsSync, readFileSync } from 'fs';
+import { resolve } from 'path';
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
+
+const dbType = process.env.DB_TYPE || 'sqlite';
+const dbPath = process.env.DATABASE_URL || './data/spanglish.db';
+
+function parseArgs(): { file?: string; yes?: boolean } {
+  const args = process.argv.slice(2);
+  const result: { file?: string; yes?: boolean } = {};
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+    if (args[i] === '-y' || args[i] === '--yes') {
+      result.yes = true;
+    } else if (!args[i].startsWith('-')) {
+      result.file = args[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function importSqlite(backupPath: string): void {
+  const targetPath = resolve(process.cwd(), dbPath);
+  copyFileSync(backupPath, targetPath);
+  console.log(`Restored from ${backupPath} to ${targetPath}`);
+}
+
+function importPostgres(backupPath: string): void {
+  const connString = process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'postgresql://localhost:5432/spanglish';
+  const sql = readFileSync(backupPath, 'utf-8');
+
+  const result = spawnSync(
+    'psql',
+    [connString],
+    {
+      stdio: ['pipe', 'inherit', 'inherit'],
+      input: sql,
+    }
+  );
+
+  if (result.error) {
+    console.error('psql failed. Ensure psql is installed and in PATH.');
+    console.error(result.error.message);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (result.status !== 0) {
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Restored from ${backupPath}`);
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  const { file, yes } = parseArgs();
+
+  if (!file) {
+    console.error('Usage: npm run db:import -- <backup-file> [--yes]');
+    console.error('Example: npm run db:import -- ./data/backups/spanglish-2025-03-07.db');
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  const backupPath = resolve(process.cwd(), file);
+  if (!existsSync(backupPath)) {
+    console.error(`Backup file not found: ${backupPath}`);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  if (!yes) {
+    console.log('WARNING: Import will overwrite the current database.');
+    console.log('Stop the backend server before importing.');
+    console.log('Press Ctrl+C to cancel, or run with --yes to skip this warning.');
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 3000));
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Database type: ${dbType}`);
+  if (dbType === 'sqlite') {
+    importSqlite(backupPath);
+  } else if (dbType === 'postgres') {
+    importPostgres(backupPath);
+  } else {
+    console.error('Unknown DB_TYPE. Use sqlite or postgres.');
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+  process.exit(0);
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error('Import failed:', err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});

package.json

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
     "start:frontend": "npm run start --workspace=frontend",
     "db:generate": "npm run db:generate --workspace=backend",
     "db:migrate": "npm run db:migrate --workspace=backend",
-    "db:studio": "npm run db:studio --workspace=backend"
+    "db:studio": "npm run db:studio --workspace=backend",
+    "db:export": "npm run db:export --workspace=backend --",
+    "db:import": "npm run db:import --workspace=backend --"
   },
   "workspaces": [
     "backend",