diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index f4d6fa1..2b735a0 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -96,6 +96,19 @@ SEO_PRODUCT_JSONLD=1
 # so reviews the old site published to snort/primal were invisible to it.
 RELAYS=wss://relay.cashumints.space,wss://nos.lol,wss://relay.azzamo.net,wss://relay.snort.social,wss://relay.primal.net
 
+# How many events a backfill has to read before it counts as having read anything.
+#
+# A backfill asks every relay above for the whole history of four kinds; on a working
+# relay list that is thousands of events. Under this floor, discovery logs
+# `ERROR discovery starvation suspected` and /api/health answers 503 with
+# `discovery_starved: true` until the next backfill clears it.
+#
+# This exists because a RELAYS list missing the relay that carries the announcement
+# archive returned about thirty events per backfill for a year, reported ok=true every
+# time, and left the index at eight mints with every health signal green. Lower it only
+# for a private or test relay that genuinely holds less; 1 disables the check.
+#BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS=200
+
 # Profile relays for the BUILD (kind 0, prerendered reviewer names on the home
 # page). A wider pool than RELAYS on purpose: relay.cashumints.space holds no kind
 # 0 at all and snort/primal hold almost none, so the two aggregators below are what
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index fbdefa8..ac50c20 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ node_modules/
 dist/
 .astro/
 api/data/
-deploy/
 *.log
 .DS_Store
 .env
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index cb7d38e..776ee63 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -52,9 +52,15 @@ rating encoding, and the bugs this rebuild fixes.
 
 ## Requirements
 
-- Node 22.18 or newer (native TypeScript type stripping, so no build step for the API)
+- Node 20.18 or newer to build and to run what a build produces
+- Node 22.18 or newer to *develop*: `pnpm dev`, `pnpm seed` and the `api` test scripts
+  run `src/*.ts` through node directly, which needs native type stripping
 - pnpm 9 or newer
 
+`engines.node` is the first of those, not the second, on purpose: it is the floor a
+deployment has to clear, and a production host should never be told it needs a newer
+Node than the compiled service actually runs on.
+
 ## Setup
 
 ```bash
@@ -286,7 +292,56 @@ pnpm typecheck
 pnpm build
 ```
 
-Output lands in `web/dist/`. Every page is prerendered once per language, so ~55 mints
+Three packages in order, and the order is a dependency chain rather than a habit:
+`shared` emits the types and the warning copy both other packages import, `api` compiles
+`api/src` to `api/dist`, and `web` prerenders against a running API.
+
+Output lands in `api/dist/` and `web/dist/`.
+
+### Live lists
+
+The prerendered mint list is a snapshot of what `GET /api/mints` said when the build ran.
+It used to stay that until the next build, which is why there was a nightly timer: a mint
+indexed at noon was reviewable at once — the 404 resolver saw to that — and had no card on
+`/mints` until 03:30, beside cards whose ratings and statuses were equally old.
+
+`/mints`, `/fedimints`, `/lnurl-mints` and the home page's three top-six strips now refetch
+that endpoint once, after paint, and rebuild their grids from the answer. One request per
+page, no relays involved: card counts have always come from the API's ingested review
+aggregates, and review *bodies* remain a mint page and `/reviews` concern.
+
+**The prerendered cards stay.** They are the first paint, they are what a crawler indexes,
+and they are the whole page for a reader with no JavaScript — `<noscript>` already unhides
+them, and the search, sort and filter controls act on whatever is in the DOM. Hydration
+only ever replaces them with something newer, and never with nothing:
+
+- a failed fetch does nothing at all, silently — a grid that is correct as of the last
+  build is a far better answer to a flaky network than an error about a list already on
+  screen;
+- an API answering `[]` also does nothing. Serving an empty index is the failure the
+  [build gate](#rebuilds) exists to catch, and a page that rendered it as "no mints" would
+  be that bug wearing a different hat;
+- whatever the reader had already set — a search they typed, a sort they picked, "hide
+  offline" — is re-applied to the new cards, so a refresh landing mid-interaction cannot
+  undo it.
+
+Two pieces make it work. `web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts` is `MintCard.astro`'s browser twin,
+the same relationship `review-cards.ts` has with the reviews panel: identical classes and
+identical `data-*` attributes, because the sort keys, the search fields, the rank chips and
+the shared-element view transitions are all read off the DOM. And `MintListItem` carries
+the facts a chip is drawn from — `nuts`, `capabilities`, and the LNURL withdraw ceiling and
+funding flag. Those replaced an N+1: `/mints` and `/lnurl-mints` each used to fetch
+`GET /api/mints/:host` once per mint at build time to read two booleans off it, which is
+tolerable on a build machine and unthinkable in every visitor's browser.
+
+Strings come from the page's own inlined catalog, so a hydrated Spanish card says "En
+línea", "54 reseñas" and "4,9", and its link is `/es/mint/…`. The one thing hydration
+cannot improve is the home page's sentiment bars: the build gives those six cards real
+rating distributions from a per-mint detail fetch, and the list payload has no
+distribution in it, so a refreshed card falls back to the rating proxy the index pages
+have always used.
+
+ Every page is prerendered once per language, so ~55 mints
 and 9 static routes come out as ~200 pages, each with real titles, meta descriptions,
 OpenGraph and Twitter tags, a social card, a self-referencing canonical, a full hreflang
 set and a JSON-LD graph. `sitemap.xml` lists every indexable one with its `xhtml:link`
@@ -575,6 +630,7 @@ so a systemd `Environment=` line or a one-off `PORT=9000 pnpm dev:api` still ove
 | `DB_POOL_MAX`            | `10`                        | Postgres connections held open. Unused by SQLite.    |
 | `ICON_DIR`               | `api/data/icons`            | Cached mint icons, served at `/icons/*`              |
 | `RELAYS`                 | see `shared/src/nostr.ts`   | Comma separated relay list                           |
+| `BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS`    | `200`                       | Events a backfill has to read before it counts as one. Under it, discovery logs `ERROR discovery starvation suspected` and health goes 503. See [Starvation](#discovery-starvation). |
 | `PROBE_INTERVAL_MIN`     | `10`                        | Minutes between probe cycles                         |
 | `DISCOVERY_INTERVAL_MIN` | `60`                        | Minutes between discovery cycles                     |
 | `PROBE_CONCURRENCY`      | `8`                         | Mints probed in parallel                             |
@@ -707,7 +763,7 @@ Five endpoints, CORS open, no auth. Four read; the fifth writes.
 
 | Endpoint             | Notes                                                              |
 | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| `GET /api/health`    | Never cached. 503 when probes are stale or discovery failed.        |
+| `GET /api/health`    | Never cached. 503 when probes are stale, discovery failed, or discovery is starved. Carries the last cycle's per-relay outcome. |
 | `GET /api/stats`     | Network counters, memoized 60s in process.                          |
 | `GET /api/mints`     | Everything listed, online first then score descending. `?limit=`, `?type=`. |
 | `GET /api/mints/:host` | One listing plus its ecosystem's own fields, distribution, uptime and probe history. |
@@ -715,6 +771,82 @@ Five endpoints, CORS open, no auth. Four read; the fifth writes.
 
 `/icons/*` serves the cached mint icons.
 
+### Discovery starvation
+
+For about a year, `GET /api/health` said `ok`, every discovery cycle reported
+`ok=true`, and the index sat at eight mints. The production `RELAYS` list did not
+include the relay carrying the kind 38000/38172 archive, so each backfill read about
+thirty events, wrote them faithfully, and the nightly build republished the result.
+Nothing was broken in a way anything measured.
+
+What was missing is that "the cycle completed" and "the cycle read anything" are
+different claims, and only the first one was being made. Three things now make the
+second one:
+
+**Per-relay attribution.** A cycle records, for every relay in `RELAYS`, whether a
+socket opened, how many events it sent, and whether it ended in a real EOSE. Counts are
+taken before cross-relay deduplication, so they say what each relay contributed rather
+than what happened to be new because of it. The one-line cycle log carries the lot:
+
+```
+INFO discovery cycle mode=backfill events=1528 … starved=false \
+  relays=wss://relay.cashumints.space=12 wss://nos.lol=1566 wss://relay.azzamo.net=10 \
+          wss://relay.snort.social=18 wss://relay.primal.net=1
+```
+
+Read that line before changing `RELAYS`. It is also how you find out that most of this
+network's archive currently sits behind one relay.
+
+**A WARN per relay, naming it.** A relay that would not connect is warned about on every
+cycle. A relay that connected and sent nothing is warned about on backfills only — an
+incremental cycle asking for one interval is *supposed* to come back empty, and an
+hourly warning about that would train everyone to skip the line that eventually matters.
+
+```
+WARN discovery relay unreachable relay=wss://relay.example.invalid mode=backfill
+WARN discovery relay returned no events relay=wss://relay.azzamo.net mode=backfill
+```
+
+**A floor.** `BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS`, 200 by default. A backfill asks five relays for the
+entire history of four kinds; on a working relay set that is thousands of events. Under
+the floor:
+
+```
+ERROR discovery starvation suspected events=31 floor=200 relays=5 silent=4 unreachable=0
+```
+
+and a flag is set that `GET /api/health` reports as `discovery_starved`, which forces
+`status` to `degraded` and the response to **503**. The flag is sticky across
+incremental cycles: an hourly cycle finding four events must not clear a starvation a
+backfill diagnosed. Only the next backfill clears it.
+
+`GET /api/health` grew four fields for this:
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "degraded",
+  "discovery_relays": [
+    { "url": "wss://relay.cashumints.space", "connected": true, "events": 12, "eose": true },
+    { "url": "wss://relay.example.invalid",  "connected": false, "events": 0, "eose": false }
+  ],
+  "last_discovery_events": 31,
+  "last_discovery_mode": "backfill",
+  "discovery_starved": true,
+  "backfill_min_events": 200
+}
+```
+
+**A fresh database reports 503 until its first backfill finishes, and that is correct.**
+Before any backfill has run, nothing has confirmed that this deployment's relay list
+reads anything at all, and answering `ok` would be the original bug in miniature. In
+practice it holds `cashumints-web.service` at its health gate — which is the point: a
+first deploy should not publish a site built from an empty index. The state is stored in
+the database rather than in memory for the same reason, so a restart cannot launder a
+starvation into "no cycle yet".
+
+To silence it deliberately on a deployment that genuinely has less history than this —
+a private relay, a test rig — set `BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS=1`.
+
 ### Indexing on demand
 
 ```bash
@@ -782,6 +914,9 @@ literal specified behaviour. `shared/src/score.ts` carries the arithmetic, and
 
 ## Deployment
 
+The unit files and the nginx block quoted below are checked in under `deploy/`. Those
+are the copies to edit; what is quoted here is the same text, for reading in context.
+
 Three units and an nginx block. Everything this project runs listens on loopback and
 runs as the same unprivileged user; nginx terminates TLS and proxies to it, and opens no
 file belonging to the project.
@@ -806,19 +941,34 @@ is the one that built them.
 
 ### Node
 
-The API and the site server both run TypeScript and ESM directly, with no build step, so
-**systemd's node must be 22.18 or newer** — that is the release where native type
-stripping stopped needing a flag. This is not the same question as `node -v` in your
-shell: a version manager puts its node on the interactive `PATH` only, while systemd
-resolves the absolute path in `ExecStart`. Check the one that matters:
+**Node 20.18 or newer is enough.** Nothing systemd starts reads a `.ts` file: `pnpm
+build` compiles `api/src` to `api/dist`, the site server is plain `.mjs`, and both units
+run `/usr/bin/node` against ordinary JavaScript. 20.18 rather than 20.0 only because
+both `ExecStart` lines pass `--env-file-if-exists`, which landed there.
 
 ```bash
 /usr/bin/node --version
 ```
 
-On Node 20 the API exits immediately with `ERR_UNKNOWN_FILE_EXTENSION` for `.ts` and
-restarts forever. Install Node system-wide rather than pointing `ExecStart` at a version
-manager's path, which breaks at the next upgrade and is invisible to `ProtectHome`.
+That is the version that matters, and it is not the same question as `node -v` in your
+shell: a version manager puts its node on the interactive `PATH` only, while systemd
+resolves the absolute path in `ExecStart`. Install Node system-wide rather than pointing
+`ExecStart` at a version manager's path, which breaks at the next upgrade and is
+invisible to `ProtectHome`.
+
+**Why this section used to say 22.18.** The API ran `src/index.ts` directly, on native
+type stripping, so the host's Node version was a runtime dependency of the service. A
+deploy onto a host with Node 20 met `ERR_UNKNOWN_FILE_EXTENSION`, exited in under a
+second, and was restarted by systemd 464 times over fifteen hours. Every dashboard was
+green throughout, because there was no dashboard: `Restart=on-failure` with no start
+limit is an infinite loop that never reports a failure. Two things changed. The service
+is compiled, so the host's Node version cannot break it in that way again; and the units
+now stop after five failures in two minutes and run an `OnFailure=` alert, so if
+something else breaks it in some other way, the machine says so. See "Failing loudly".
+
+The version floor that is still 22.18 is the *development* one — `pnpm dev`, `pnpm seed`,
+`pnpm migrate` and the `api` `test:*` scripts all hand `src/*.ts` to node. That is a
+laptop requirement, not a server one.
 
 ### The API
 
@@ -828,12 +978,15 @@ manager's path, which breaks at the next upgrade and is invisible to `ProtectHom
 Description=cashumints.space indexer and API
 Wants=network-online.target
 After=network-online.target
-# Stop after five failures in a minute rather than restarting forever: a process that
-# cannot start will not start on the 4000th attempt either, and `failed` in
+# Stop after five failures in two minutes rather than restarting forever: a process
+# that cannot start will not start on the 4000th attempt either, and `failed` in
 # `systemctl status` is a louder signal than a journal scrolling past. Both keys belong
-# to [Unit] — under [Service] systemd only warns and ignores them.
-StartLimitIntervalSec=60
+# to [Unit] — under [Service] systemd only warns and ignores them. See "Failing loudly"
+# for why the window is 120s and not 60s.
+StartLimitIntervalSec=120
 StartLimitBurst=5
+# And carry that `failed` off the machine. %n is this unit's own name.
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
 
 [Service]
 Type=simple
@@ -849,7 +1002,10 @@ Environment=DB_PATH=/var/lib/cashumints/cashumints.db
 Environment=ICON_DIR=/var/lib/cashumints/icons
 # For Postgres, replace DB_PATH with DATABASE_URL and add After=postgresql.service.
 # Keep ICON_DIR either way: cached icons are files, not rows.
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/node --env-file-if-exists=../.env src/index.ts
+
+# Compiled JavaScript, run by the distribution's own node. See "Node" above for why
+# this is not src/index.ts any more.
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/node --env-file-if-exists=../.env dist/index.js
 
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=5s
@@ -901,8 +1057,9 @@ Two behaviours are worth knowing about because they are load-bearing:
 Description=cashumints.space static site server
 Wants=network-online.target
 After=network-online.target
-StartLimitIntervalSec=60
+StartLimitIntervalSec=120
 StartLimitBurst=5
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
 # Not Requires=cashumints.service: the pages are prerendered, so the site keeps serving
 # a correct-as-of-last-build copy while the API is down. Only the islands go quiet.
 
@@ -1067,17 +1224,238 @@ nginx 1.25 and later want `http2 on;` on its own line and warn about the `listen
 form above; Debian 12 ships 1.22, where the newer form is an unknown directive. The form
 above is the one that works on both.
 
+### Failing loudly
+
+Two separate silences produced today's incident, and they need separate fixes.
+
+The first is a **crash loop that never reports a failure**. `Restart=on-failure` with no
+start limit is an infinite loop by definition: systemd restarts, the process dies,
+systemd restarts. The unit never reaches `failed`, so `systemctl status` stays `active
+(auto-restart)`, nothing sends anything anywhere, and the only evidence is a journal
+scrolling past at four lines a second. The API did this 464 times over fifteen hours.
+
+All three units now carry:
+
+```ini
+StartLimitIntervalSec=120
+StartLimitBurst=5
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
+```
+
+**Why 120 and not 60.** `RestartSec=5s` means five attempts cost a little over twenty
+seconds of waiting, plus however long each attempt survives before dying. A process that
+fails *slowly* — a database connection that times out, a port that takes four seconds to
+refuse — spreads five failures past a sixty second window, resets the counter, and loops
+forever anyway. 120s covers the slow case. Both keys belong under `[Unit]`; systemd
+takes them under `[Service]` with only a warning and then ignores them.
+
+**Why `OnFailure=` at all.** `StartLimitBurst` turns the loop into a `failed` state,
+which is much better, and is still a state somebody has to go and look at. `OnFailure=`
+is what makes the machine speak first. `%n` expands to the failed unit's own name, which
+arrives as the template instance in `%i`.
+
+The second silence is a **build that publishes an index it should have refused**; that
+one is the `MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD` gate under "Rebuilds", and the `discovery_starved` flag
+under "Discovery starvation" is what feeds it.
+
+#### The alert unit
+
+```ini
+# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-alert@.service
+#
+# The unit that makes a failure audible.
+#
+# The other three units each carry `OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service`, so systemd
+# starts one of these with the failed unit's name as the instance — `%i` below is
+# literally `cashumints.service`, `cashumints-web.service` or `cashumints-site.service`.
+#
+# Why it exists: the API once crash looped 464 times over fifteen hours and nothing said
+# so. `Restart=on-failure` with no start limit is an infinite loop that never reaches a
+# `failed` state, so the journal filled with identical lines nobody was reading and
+# every signal stayed green. The other half of the fix is StartLimitBurst= in each unit,
+# which turns the loop into a failure; this is what carries that failure off the machine.
+#
+# Install:
+#     sudo install -m 0644 deploy/cashumints-alert@.service /etc/systemd/system/
+#     sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/cashumints
+#     sudo install -m 0640 -o root -g root deploy/alert.env.example /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#     sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+#
+# No [Install] section and never enabled: OnFailure= starts it, and a unit that also
+# started at boot would page on every reboot.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=Notify that %i failed
+# No OnFailure= here. An alerter that alerts about its own failure is a loop, and this
+# one is written so its worst case is a journal line rather than a retry.
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# The one file an operator edits, and the only reason this unit is configurable at all.
+# Absent is a supported state — the leading `-` says so — and then the ExecStart below
+# still writes to the journal at ERROR, which is what `systemctl status` and
+# `journalctl -p err` read. See alert.env.example.
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/cashumints/alert.env
+
+# So `journalctl -t cashumints-alert` finds every alert, whichever unit triggered it.
+SyslogIdentifier=cashumints-alert
+
+# Everything is inside one shell so the "nothing configured" branch is reachable without
+# a second unit. The pieces, in order:
+#
+#   - `printf '<3>…'` on stdout. systemd reads that syslog prefix off a journal stream
+#     and files the line at priority 3, ERROR, so `journalctl -p err` is a complete
+#     history of failures on a host with no webhook configured at all. `<4>` is warning.
+#     A prefix rather than systemd-cat, so the unit needs nothing from the filesystem it
+#     has just sandboxed itself away from.
+#   - NTFY_URL is a topic URL (https://ntfy.sh/your-topic). It gets a plain-text body
+#     naming the failed unit, plus the header names ntfy understands.
+#   - WEBHOOK_URL gets a JSON POST instead, for Discord, Slack or anything that speaks
+#     `{"content": …}` — every key is sent, so one payload fits all of them.
+#   - `--max-time 10` and a `||` fallback on each: an alert that hangs would hold the
+#     failed unit's job open, and an alert that fails must not itself become a second
+#     failed unit for somebody to notice. The shell ends in `true` for the same reason.
+#
+# `%i` is the failed unit's name, passed as an argument rather than interpolated into
+# the shell text: systemd expands specifiers before /bin/sh ever sees the line, and a
+# unit name is not a thing to trust to quoting.
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '\
+  UNIT="$1"; \
+  HOST="$(hostname)"; \
+  WHEN="$(date -Is)"; \
+  TEXT="$UNIT failed on $HOST at $WHEN"; \
+  printf "<3>%s\\n" "$TEXT"; \
+  if [ -n "$NTFY_URL" ]; then \
+    /usr/bin/curl -fsS --max-time 10 \
+      -H "Title: cashumints: $UNIT failed" \
+      -H "Priority: high" \
+      -H "Tags: rotating_light" \
+      -d "$TEXT" "$NTFY_URL" >/dev/null \
+      || printf "<3>%s\\n" "alert: POST to NTFY_URL failed"; \
+  fi; \
+  if [ -n "$WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then \
+    /usr/bin/curl -fsS --max-time 10 \
+      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+      -d "{\\"unit\\":\\"$UNIT\\",\\"host\\":\\"$HOST\\",\\"at\\":\\"$WHEN\\",\\"text\\":\\"$TEXT\\",\\"content\\":\\"$TEXT\\"}" \
+      "$WEBHOOK_URL" >/dev/null \
+      || printf "<3>%s\\n" "alert: POST to WEBHOOK_URL failed"; \
+  fi; \
+  if [ -z "$NTFY_URL" ] && [ -z "$WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then \
+    printf "<4>%s\\n" "alert: no NTFY_URL or WEBHOOK_URL in /etc/cashumints/alert.env, journal only"; \
+  fi; \
+  true' _ %i
+
+# It sends one HTTP request and writes one line. It needs no identity of its own, and
+# DynamicUser gives it a throwaway one rather than sharing `nobody` with everything else
+# on the host that also could not be bothered to make a user.
+DynamicUser=yes
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateDevices=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=true
+ProtectKernelTunables=true
+ProtectKernelModules=true
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
+RestrictSUIDSGID=true
+LockPersonality=true
+# An alert that cannot reach the network in ten seconds is not worth a stuck job.
+TimeoutStartSec=30
+```
+
+Configuration is one optional file. With it absent, or with both values empty, a failure
+still lands in the journal at `ERROR` and is readable with `journalctl -p err -t
+cashumints-alert`; the unit is written so that its worst case is a log line rather than
+a second thing to debug.
+
+```ini
+# /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#
+# Read by cashumints-alert@.service, which systemd starts when any of the three units
+# fails. Everything here is optional: with the file absent or both values empty, an
+# alert is still written to the journal at ERROR priority and is readable with
+#
+#     journalctl -p err -t cashumints-alert
+#
+# Set one or both to have failures leave the machine.
+#
+# Install it root-owned and not world-readable — a webhook URL is a capability:
+#     sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/cashumints
+#     sudo install -m 0640 -o root -g root deploy/alert.env.example /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#     sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+
+# An ntfy topic URL. Free and public at ntfy.sh; pick a topic name nobody will guess,
+# because anyone who knows it can read and post to it.
+#NTFY_URL=https://ntfy.sh/cashumints-alerts-CHANGE-ME
+
+# Anything that accepts a JSON POST. The body carries `unit`, `host`, `at`, `text` and
+# `content` — the last of which is what Discord and most Slack-compatible endpoints read,
+# so one payload fits all three.
+#WEBHOOK_URL=https://discord.com/api/webhooks/…
+```
+
+Test it without breaking anything:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl start 'cashumints-alert@test.service'
+journalctl -t cashumints-alert -n 5 --no-pager
+```
+
 ### Rebuilds
 
-Mint pages are prerendered, so new mints and new review counts appear at the next build.
-A nightly rebuild is enough; the site stays correct in between because the islands
-refresh status and reviews at runtime, and an unbuilt mint still resolves through the
-client-side fallback on the 404 page.
+**Builds happen on deploy. There is no timer.**
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl start cashumints-web        # build, then publish
+```
+
+There used to be a `cashumints-web.timer` firing at 03:30 nightly, and it was load-bearing:
+the mint list was a snapshot of whatever the API held when `astro build` ran, so a
+rebuild was the only way a new mint, a new review count or a changed status ever reached
+`/mints`. The list hydrates now — one `GET /api/mints` after paint, see
+[Live lists](#live-lists) — so all three reach the page within a second of load, in every
+language, and rebuilding 2,000 pages overnight to refresh numbers that refresh themselves
+is twenty minutes of CPU for nothing.
+
+What a build still produces, and therefore what a deploy is still for:
+
+| Still built | Still stale between deploys |
+| --- | --- |
+| The prerendered HTML a crawler reads | The `ItemList` JSON-LD on the index pages |
+| A social card per mint | The card for a mint indexed since the deploy |
+| `sitemap.xml` and the hreflang set | A `/mint/{host}` page for a mint indexed since the deploy |
+
+That last row is the one to know about. A mint indexed today has no prerendered page of
+its own until the next deploy: `/mint/newhost` returns **404**, and the 404 page's
+resolver looks the address up against the live API and renders it — readable, reviewable,
+linkable, with a `noindex` on it until the deploy gives it a real page. That was already
+true between nightly builds; dropping the timer only lengthens the window.
+
+Deploy when you ship code, or when enough new mints have accumulated that their pages are
+worth prerendering. Nothing breaks if you do not.
 
 Publishing is a separate step from building, and the separation is the point: the copy
 the site server reads is only touched once a build has succeeded, so a failed build
 leaves the previous site up rather than replacing it with a half-written one.
 
+**Two gates before the build starts.** The first waits for `/api/health` to answer 200,
+because `After=` orders a start and does not wait for a port. The second counts
+`/api/mints` and refuses to build below `MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD`, default 20.
+
+The second exists because health answering 200 and the index being complete are
+different claims. A year of ~31-event backfills left a perfectly healthy API serving a
+real, correct, complete list of eight mints; a build against that succeeds, prerenders
+eight cards, and `rsync --delete-after` replaces fifty-five with eight. The gate runs as
+an `ExecStartPre`, so a refusal aborts the unit before `pnpm build` — and publishing is
+`ExecStartPost`, after the build — which means the previously published site is never
+touched. The `OnFailure=` alert says why.
+
+```bash
+# Raise or lower it for this host without editing the unit:
+sudo systemctl edit cashumints-web        # [Service] / Environment=MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD=40
+```
+
 ```ini
 # /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-web.service
 [Unit]
@@ -1088,6 +1466,7 @@ Description=Rebuild the cashumints.space static site
 Requires=cashumints.service
 After=cashumints.service network-online.target
 Wants=network-online.target
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
 
 [Service]
 Type=oneshot
@@ -1110,6 +1489,40 @@ Environment=PUBLIC_API_URL=
 # rather than letting the first fetch die on ECONNREFUSED. /api/health answers 503 until
 # it is genuinely ready, and curl -f treats that as a failure, so the loop keeps waiting.
 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/timeout 90 /bin/sh -c 'until curl -sf -o /dev/null http://127.0.0.1:8788/api/health; do sleep 1; done'
+
+# Then: does the API actually have an index to build a site out of?
+#
+# Health answering 200 says the process is up and its last backfill read something. It
+# does not say how many mints are in the table, and those are different questions — the
+# year of ~31-event backfills had a healthy API serving a real, complete, correct list of
+# eight mints. A build against that succeeds, prerenders eight cards, and rsync happily
+# replaces fifty-five with eight.
+#
+# So count the list before spending twenty minutes building from it. Below the floor
+# this exits non-zero, systemd abandons the unit at ExecStartPre, and — because publishing
+# is ExecStartPost, after the build — the previously published site is never touched. The
+# site stays exactly as it was and the OnFailure alert says why.
+#
+# Counted by the `"host":` key, one per item, rather than by counting `{`: the list
+# payload carries a nested object per mint (its NUT capability switches), so brace
+# counting would report roughly double. No jq: it is not installed on this host and a
+# build gate should not add a dependency to run.
+#
+# `Q` is a double-quote character, built with printf rather than written literally,
+# because this whole command is already inside systemd's single quotes and a quote of
+# either kind in the grep pattern would end the argument early.
+#
+# A curl that fails for any reason leaves `n` empty, `$${n:-0}` reads that as zero, and
+# zero is below every floor — so an API that fell over between the health check above and
+# this line refuses the build rather than sailing through it.
+Environment=MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD=20
+ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c 'Q=$$(printf "\\042"); \
+  n=$$(curl -sf --max-time 30 http://127.0.0.1:8788/api/mints | grep -o "$${Q}host$${Q}:" | wc -l); \
+  if [ "$${n:-0}" -lt "$$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD" ]; then \
+    printf "<3>%s\\n" "refusing to build: /api/mints returned $${n:-0} mints, floor is $$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD. Previous site left untouched."; \
+    exit 1; \
+  fi; \
+  printf "%s\\n" "build gate: $$n mints, floor $$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD"'
 # Check `which pnpm` on the host: a corepack or pnpm-home install sits outside /usr/bin,
 # and systemd's PATH does not include it.
 ExecStart=/usr/bin/pnpm build
@@ -1122,7 +1535,7 @@ ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete-after --delay-updates web/dist/ /var/li
 # ~500 prerendered pages plus a card per mint. Minutes, not seconds, on a small VPS, and
 # TimeoutStartSec is what bounds a Type=oneshot.
 TimeoutStartSec=1800
-# A nightly rebuild should not starve the API it is reading from.
+# A build should not starve the API it is reading from.
 Nice=10
 UMask=0022
 
@@ -1139,33 +1552,33 @@ ProtectControlGroups=true
 RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
 ```
 
-There is deliberately no `[Install]` section: a rebuild should be scheduled, not fired on
-every boot.
+There is deliberately no `[Install]` section: this belongs to a deploy, not to a boot.
 
-```ini
-# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-web.timer
-[Unit]
-Description=Nightly cashumints.space rebuild
+#### Removing the timer
 
-[Timer]
-OnCalendar=*-*-* 03:30:00
-Persistent=true
+On a host that still has the nightly timer installed, once:
 
-[Install]
-WantedBy=timers.target
+```bash
+sudo systemctl disable --now cashumints-web.timer
+sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-web.timer
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl list-timers --all | grep cashumints        # expect nothing
 ```
 
+`disable --now` both stops the pending job and removes the `timers.target` symlink;
+without the `rm` and the `daemon-reload`, systemd keeps a unit it can still be asked to
+start by name.
+
 ### First deploy
 
 Order matters once: the site server refuses to start against a root that has no
 `index.html`, so the build has to publish before it comes up.
 
 ```bash
-/usr/bin/node --version                        # 22.18 or newer, or the API will not run
+/usr/bin/node --version                        # 20.18 or newer
 sudo systemctl enable --now cashumints         # API first: the build reads from it
 sudo systemctl start cashumints-web            # build, then publish to /var/lib/cashumints/web
 sudo systemctl enable --now cashumints-site    # now it has something to serve
-sudo systemctl enable --now cashumints-web.timer
 sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx
 ```
 
diff --git a/api/package.json b/api/package.json
index f61f2f4..ef471a4 100644
--- a/api/package.json
+++ b/api/package.json
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc -p tsconfig.json",
     "dev": "node --env-file-if-exists=../.env --watch src/index.ts",
-    "start": "node --env-file-if-exists=../.env src/index.ts",
+    "start": "node --env-file-if-exists=../.env dist/index.js",
     "seed": "node --env-file-if-exists=../.env src/seed.ts",
     "migrate": "node --env-file-if-exists=../.env src/migrate.ts",
     "typecheck": "tsc -p tsconfig.json --noEmit",
diff --git a/api/src/config.ts b/api/src/config.ts
index f242b17..e573ce3 100644
--- a/api/src/config.ts
+++ b/api/src/config.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,20 @@ export const config = {
   iconDir: process.env['ICON_DIR'] ?? path.join(apiRoot, 'data', 'icons'),
   relays: (process.env['RELAYS']?.split(',').map((r) => r.trim()).filter(Boolean) ??
     [...DEFAULT_RELAYS]) as string[],
+  /**
+   * The floor a backfill cycle has to clear before it counts as a real read.
+   *
+   * For about a year this deployment's RELAYS list did not include the relay carrying
+   * the kind 38000/38172 archive. Every backfill returned about thirty events, wrote
+   * them, reported ok=true, and the index sat at eight mints while every health signal
+   * stayed green. A backfill asks five relays for the whole history of four kinds; on a
+   * working relay set it comes back with thousands. Anything under this is not a quiet
+   * network, it is a misconfigured one, and it says so in the log and on /api/health.
+   *
+   * Raise it on a deployment that genuinely has more history, lower it for a local
+   * test relay. It is deliberately not zero-able: set it to 1 if you mean "off".
+   */
+  backfillMinEvents: int('BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS', 200),
   probeIntervalMin: int('PROBE_INTERVAL_MIN', 10),
   discoveryIntervalMin: int('DISCOVERY_INTERVAL_MIN', 60),
   probeConcurrency: int('PROBE_CONCURRENCY', 8),
diff --git a/api/src/discovery.ts b/api/src/discovery.ts
index d39000a..e3a1531 100644
--- a/api/src/discovery.ts
+++ b/api/src/discovery.ts
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ import {
   type FedimintAnnouncement,
   type LnurlAnnouncement,
   type LnurlFields,
+  type RelayHealth,
 } from '@cashumints/shared';
 import { config } from './config.ts';
-import { getDb, setState, getStateNumber } from './db.ts';
+import { getDb, setState, getState, getStateNumber } from './db.ts';
 import type { Sql } from './db-driver.ts';
 import { log } from './log.ts';
 import { insertMintIfNew, upsertFedimint, upsertLnurl } from './mints.ts';
@@ -39,8 +40,118 @@ export interface DiscoveryResult {
   newMints: string[];
   newReviews: number;
   ok: boolean;
+  /** What each configured relay actually did, in `config.relays` order. */
+  relays: RelayHealth[];
+  /** A backfill that came in under `config.backfillMinEvents`. */
+  starved: boolean;
 }
 
+/**
+ * What the last cycle did, kept so /api/health can answer for it.
+ *
+ * Written to the `state` table rather than held in memory, because the question it
+ * answers — "is discovery actually reading anything?" — has to survive the restart that
+ * would otherwise reset it to "no cycle yet, nothing to report". A process that crash
+ * loops would clear an in-memory flag on every attempt.
+ */
+export interface DiscoveryReport {
+  at: number;
+  mode: 'backfill' | 'incremental';
+  events: number;
+  ok: boolean;
+  relays: RelayHealth[];
+  starved: boolean;
+}
+
+/** `state` key holding the JSON of the above. */
+const REPORT_KEY = 'last_discovery_report';
+
+/**
+ * The last cycle's report, or null before any cycle has run.
+ *
+ * A row that will not parse reads as null — the same as no cycle — because the caller
+ * is a health endpoint and "I cannot tell you" must not be dressed up as "fine".
+ */
+export async function lastDiscoveryReport(): Promise<DiscoveryReport | null> {
+  const raw = await getState(REPORT_KEY);
+  if (!raw) return null;
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as DiscoveryReport;
+    return Array.isArray(parsed.relays) ? parsed : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Per-relay bookkeeping for one cycle.
+ *
+ * Every relay in `config.relays` gets a row up front, including the ones that are never
+ * reached, because a relay that produced no row at all is exactly the one worth naming:
+ * the year-long starvation was a relay list that connected cleanly and simply did not
+ * hold the archive, and the only field that would have shown it is a zero here.
+ *
+ * `events` counts what a relay sent *before* cross-relay deduplication, so five relays
+ * carrying the same 400 events report 400 each rather than 400 once and 0 four times.
+ * Attribution is the whole point; the deduplicated total is reported separately.
+ */
+class RelayTally {
+  private readonly rows = new Map<string, { events: number; subs: number; eoses: number; connected: boolean }>();
+
+  constructor(urls: readonly string[]) {
+    for (const url of urls) {
+      this.rows.set(url, { events: 0, subs: 0, eoses: 0, connected: false });
+    }
+  }
+
+  private row(url: string) {
+    let found = this.rows.get(url);
+    if (!found) {
+      found = { events: 0, subs: 0, eoses: 0, connected: false };
+      this.rows.set(url, found);
+    }
+    return found;
+  }
+
+  connected(url: string): void {
+    this.row(url).connected = true;
+  }
+
+  subscribed(url: string): void {
+    this.row(url).subs++;
+  }
+
+  event(url: string): void {
+    this.row(url).events++;
+  }
+
+  eose(url: string): void {
+    this.row(url).eoses++;
+  }
+
+  /** One row per configured relay, in configuration order. */
+  list(): RelayHealth[] {
+    return [...this.rows.entries()].map(([url, row]) => ({
+      url,
+      connected: row.connected,
+      events: row.events,
+      // A cycle asks a relay many questions. It only counts as having reached the end
+      // of the stream if it reached the end of every one of them.
+      eose: row.subs > 0 && row.eoses === row.subs,
+    }));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Long enough that the relay's own EOSE timer never wins.
+ *
+ * `Subscription` fires `oneose` both when an EOSE frame arrives and when its internal
+ * timer expires, so the two are indistinguishable from the callback. Pushing that timer
+ * out of reach and running the deadline here instead is what makes `eose` in the report
+ * mean "the relay said it was done" rather than "something gave up".
+ */
+const NEVER_EOSE_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
 let pool: SimplePool | null = null;
 
 /**
@@ -66,12 +177,100 @@ export function closePool(): void {
   pool = null;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Ask every configured relay one filter, and record what each of them did.
+ *
+ * This replaces `pool.querySync(config.relays, …)`, which answers the same question and
+ * throws the attribution away: it merges five relays into one deduplicated array, so a
+ * relay list where four relays are empty and one carries everything is indistinguishable
+ * from five healthy ones. That indistinguishability is the bug this whole file is being
+ * changed for — a year of ~31-event backfills, `ok=true` every time.
+ *
+ * What it keeps from `querySync`, deliberately:
+ *
+ *   - One subscription per relay over the pool's existing sockets, so this is the same
+ *     number of connections as before.
+ *   - A single `alreadyHaveEvent` shared across all five. `AbstractRelay._onmessage`
+ *     consults it *before* `JSON.parse` and signature verification, so an event five
+ *     relays all carry is still verified once. Per-relay `querySync` calls would have
+ *     verified it five times, which at 500 events a page is real CPU.
+ *   - `receivedEvent`, which fires on the way past that check, so the per-relay count is
+ *     what the relay sent rather than what was new because of it.
+ *
+ * What it changes: the deadline is run here rather than by each `Subscription`'s own
+ * EOSE timer, so `oneose` firing means an EOSE frame actually arrived. See NEVER_EOSE_MS.
+ *
+ * Never throws. A relay that will not connect is a fact to record, not a reason to
+ * abandon the four that did.
+ */
+async function queryRelays(filter: Filter, tally: RelayTally | null): Promise<NostrEvent[]> {
+  const events: NostrEvent[] = [];
+  const known = new Set<string>();
+  const alreadyHaveEvent = (id: string): boolean => {
+    if (known.has(id)) return true;
+    known.add(id);
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  await Promise.all(
+    config.relays.map(async (url) => {
+      let relay;
+      try {
+        // The same connection budget subscribeMap would have used for this maxWait.
+        relay = await getPool().ensureRelay(url, {
+          connectionTimeout: Math.max(MAX_WAIT_MS * 0.8, MAX_WAIT_MS - 1000),
+        });
+      } catch {
+        // Left as connected=false in the tally, which is the whole report this needs.
+        return;
+      }
+      tally?.connected(url);
+
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        let settled = false;
+        let deadline: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+        const finish = (): void => {
+          if (settled) return;
+          settled = true;
+          if (deadline !== undefined) clearTimeout(deadline);
+          resolve();
+        };
+
+        try {
+          const sub = relay.subscribe([filter], {
+            onevent: (event) => events.push(event),
+            alreadyHaveEvent,
+            receivedEvent: () => tally?.event(url),
+            oneose: () => {
+              tally?.eose(url);
+              sub.close('closed automatically on eose');
+            },
+            onclose: finish,
+            eoseTimeout: NEVER_EOSE_MS,
+          });
+          tally?.subscribed(url);
+          deadline = setTimeout(() => sub.close('closed on maxWait'), MAX_WAIT_MS);
+        } catch {
+          // The socket went away between ensureRelay and the REQ.
+          finish();
+        }
+      });
+    }),
+  );
+
+  return events;
+}
+
 /**
  * Query one kind, paging backwards with `until` until a page yields nothing new.
  * Relays cap `limit` independently, so paging is the only way a fresh database
  * converges to the complete history.
  */
-async function fetchKind(kind: number, since: number | null): Promise<NostrEvent[]> {
+async function fetchKind(
+  kind: number,
+  since: number | null,
+  tally: RelayTally | null,
+): Promise<NostrEvent[]> {
   const seen = new Map<string, NostrEvent>();
   let until: number | undefined;
 
@@ -82,7 +281,7 @@ async function fetchKind(kind: number, since: number | null): Promise<NostrEvent
 
     let batch: NostrEvent[];
     try {
-      batch = await getPool().querySync(config.relays, filter, { maxWait: MAX_WAIT_MS });
+      batch = await queryRelays(filter, tally);
     } catch (err) {
       log.warn('relay query failed', {
         kind,
@@ -123,6 +322,7 @@ async function fetchKind(kind: number, since: number | null): Promise<NostrEvent
 async function fetchReviewsForMint(
   target: ReviewTarget,
   since: number | null,
+  tally: RelayTally | null,
 ): Promise<NostrEvent[]> {
   const filters: Filter[] = [];
   const base: Filter = { kinds: [KIND_REVIEW], limit: QUERY_LIMIT };
@@ -178,11 +378,7 @@ async function fetchReviewsForMint(
   }
 
   const batches = await Promise.all(
-    filters.map((filter) =>
-      getPool()
-        .querySync(config.relays, filter, { maxWait: MAX_WAIT_MS })
-        .catch(() => [] as NostrEvent[]),
-    ),
+    filters.map((filter) => queryRelays(filter, tally).catch(() => [] as NostrEvent[])),
   );
 
   return batches.flat();
@@ -596,6 +792,7 @@ export async function runDiscovery(backfill: boolean): Promise<DiscoveryResult>
   const since = lastRun === null ? null : Math.max(0, lastRun - 3600);
 
   const newMints = new Set<string>();
+  const tally = new RelayTally(config.relays);
   let newReviews = 0;
   let events = 0;
   let ok = true;
@@ -610,7 +807,7 @@ export async function runDiscovery(backfill: boolean): Promise<DiscoveryResult>
     const announcementsByType = new Map<string, NostrEvent[]>();
     await Promise.all(
       Object.entries(ANNOUNCEMENT_KINDS).map(async ([type, kind]) => {
-        announcementsByType.set(type, await fetchKind(kind, since));
+        announcementsByType.set(type, await fetchKind(kind, since, tally));
       }),
     );
 
@@ -625,10 +822,10 @@ export async function runDiscovery(backfill: boolean): Promise<DiscoveryResult>
 
     // Announcements alone miss mints that only ever appear in a review's `u` tag,
     // so reviews feed discovery too.
-    const reviews = await fetchKind(KIND_REVIEW, since);
+    const reviews = await fetchKind(KIND_REVIEW, since, tally);
     // The recent window catches anything a relay dropped from the unbounded query.
     const recent =
-      since === null ? await fetchKind(KIND_REVIEW, now - RECENT_WINDOW_S) : [];
+      since === null ? await fetchKind(KIND_REVIEW, now - RECENT_WINDOW_S, tally) : [];
 
     const byId = new Map<string, NostrEvent>();
     for (const e of [...reviews, ...recent]) byId.set(e.id, e);
@@ -689,7 +886,7 @@ export async function runDiscovery(backfill: boolean): Promise<DiscoveryResult>
         while (cursor < targets.length) {
           const target = targets[cursor++];
           if (!target) continue;
-          const found = await fetchReviewsForMint(target, since);
+          const found = await fetchReviewsForMint(target, since, tally);
           if (found.length > 0) {
             events += found.length;
             newReviews += await ingestReviews(found, index);
@@ -707,14 +904,79 @@ export async function runDiscovery(backfill: boolean): Promise<DiscoveryResult>
     log.error('discovery failed', { reason: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
   }
 
+  const mode = backfill ? 'backfill' : 'incremental';
+  const relays = tally.list();
+
+  /*
+   * Name the relay, every time, one line each.
+   *
+   * A relay that would not connect is worth saying on any cycle: the address is wrong,
+   * or it is down, and neither gets better by itself. A relay that connected and sent
+   * nothing is only news on a backfill — an incremental cycle asking for the last hour
+   * of four kinds legitimately comes back empty, and warning about that hourly would
+   * train everyone to skip the line that eventually matters.
+   */
+  for (const relay of relays) {
+    if (!relay.connected) {
+      log.warn('discovery relay unreachable', { relay: relay.url, mode });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (backfill && relay.events === 0) {
+      log.warn('discovery relay returned no events', { relay: relay.url, mode });
+    } else if (!relay.eose) {
+      log.warn('discovery relay never reached EOSE', {
+        relay: relay.url,
+        mode,
+        events: relay.events,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * The floor, and the flag the health endpoint reads.
+   *
+   * Only a backfill is measured against it. A backfill asks for the entire history of
+   * every announcement kind and every review, so on a working relay set it is thousands
+   * of events; an incremental cycle asks for one interval and is supposed to be small.
+   *
+   * The flag is sticky across incremental cycles: an hourly cycle that finds four
+   * events must not clear a starvation a backfill diagnosed, so a non-backfill carries
+   * forward whatever the last backfill concluded.
+   */
+  let starved: boolean;
+  if (backfill) {
+    starved = events < config.backfillMinEvents;
+    if (starved) {
+      log.error('discovery starvation suspected', {
+        events,
+        floor: config.backfillMinEvents,
+        relays: relays.length,
+        silent: relays.filter((r) => r.events === 0).length,
+        unreachable: relays.filter((r) => !r.connected).length,
+        hint: 'check RELAYS: a relay list missing the announcement archive looks exactly like this',
+      });
+    }
+  } else {
+    // No backfill has ever run in this deployment: nothing has confirmed the relay set
+    // reads anything, and saying "fine" would be the whole original bug.
+    starved = (await lastDiscoveryReport())?.starved ?? true;
+  }
+
+  const report: DiscoveryReport = { at: now, mode, events, ok, relays, starved };
+  // A report that cannot be written is not worth failing a cycle over; the cycle's own
+  // work is already committed, and health degrades on the stale timestamp instead.
+  await setState(REPORT_KEY, JSON.stringify(report)).catch(() => undefined);
+
   log.info('discovery cycle', {
-    mode: backfill ? 'backfill' : 'incremental',
+    mode,
     events,
     new_mints: newMints.size,
     new_reviews: newReviews,
     ok,
+    starved,
+    relays: relays.map((r) => `${r.url}=${r.connected ? r.events : 'down'}`).join(' '),
     ms: Date.now() - started,
   });
 
-  return { events, newMints: [...newMints], newReviews, ok };
+  return { events, newMints: [...newMints], newReviews, ok, relays, starved };
 }
diff --git a/api/src/queries.ts b/api/src/queries.ts
index 59df339..1f2f594 100644
--- a/api/src/queries.ts
+++ b/api/src/queries.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   compareMints,
   NEUTRAL_PRIOR_MEAN,
   parseNuts,
+  readCapabilities,
   type Health,
   type MintDetail,
   type MintInfo,
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import {
 } from '@cashumints/shared';
 import { config, startedAt } from './config.ts';
 import { getDb, getStateNumber, getState } from './db.ts';
+import { lastDiscoveryReport } from './discovery.ts';
 import { mintByHost, parseEcosystem, type MintRow } from './mints.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -105,6 +107,39 @@ function round1(n: number | null): number | null {
   return n === null ? null : Math.round(n * 10) / 10;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The NUT numbers a row publishes.
+ *
+ * `nuts_json` is what the prober wrote and wins; `info.nuts` is the raw NUT-06 object it
+ * was derived from, kept as a fallback for rows written before that column existed. One
+ * function so a list card and a detail page can never read a different answer off the
+ * same row.
+ */
+function rowNuts(row: MintRow, info: MintInfo | null): string[] {
+  if (row.nuts_json) {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(row.nuts_json) as string[];
+      if (parsed.length > 0) return parsed;
+    } catch {
+      // Fall through to the info object below.
+    }
+  }
+  return info ? parseNuts(info.nuts) : [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * One list item.
+ *
+ * The chip fields at the bottom are why this now parses `info_json`. The alternative was
+ * what /mints and /lnurl-mints used to do: fetch `GET /api/mints/:host` once per mint to
+ * read two booleans off each one. That is an acceptable price for a build machine
+ * rendering fifty-five cards once a night and an unacceptable one for every browser that
+ * opens the page, which is what the list has to survive now that it hydrates.
+ *
+ * Facts, not sentences. `capabilities` is two booleans and `mintChip` turns them into
+ * "Melt only" in the reader's language, wherever the card is being drawn. Rendering the
+ * label here would ship one language to twenty-four locales.
+ */
 function toListItem(row: MintRow, agg: AggRow | undefined, mean: number, now: number): MintListItem {
   const base = {
     review_count: agg?.review_count ?? 0,
@@ -113,6 +148,15 @@ function toListItem(row: MintRow, agg: AggRow | undefined, mean: number, now: nu
     last_review_at: agg?.last_review_at ?? null,
   };
 
+  const info = parseInfo(row.info_json);
+  // A federation and an LNURL mint have no `info_json` and so get null, which is the
+  // honest value: not "both NUTs are enabled", but "there is nothing here to read".
+  const capabilities = info ? readCapabilities(info.nuts) : null;
+
+  // Only the two facts the LNURL chip is drawn from, not the whole ecosystem blob: this
+  // payload is fetched by every visitor on three pages.
+  const lnurl = row.type === 'lnurl' ? parseEcosystem<LnurlFields>(row) : null;
+
   return {
     url: row.url,
     host: row.host,
@@ -126,6 +170,14 @@ function toListItem(row: MintRow, agg: AggRow | undefined, mean: number, now: nu
     score: bayesianScore(base, mean, now),
     last_review_at: base.last_review_at,
     version: row.version,
+    nuts: rowNuts(row, info),
+    capabilities,
+    ...(lnurl
+      ? {
+          max_withdrawable_msat: lnurl.max_withdrawable_msat ?? null,
+          funding_available: lnurl.funding_available ?? null,
+        }
+      : {}),
   };
 }
 
@@ -232,16 +284,9 @@ export async function getMintDetail(host: string): Promise<MintDetail | null> {
 
   const item = toListItem(row, agg.get(row.url), mean, now);
   const info = parseInfo(row.info_json);
-
-  let nuts: string[] = [];
-  if (row.nuts_json) {
-    try {
-      nuts = JSON.parse(row.nuts_json) as string[];
-    } catch {
-      nuts = [];
-    }
-  }
-  if (nuts.length === 0 && info) nuts = parseNuts(info.nuts);
+  // `item.nuts` is the same read, through `rowNuts`. It used to be computed a second
+  // time here with a subtly different fallback rule; one function now answers for both.
+  const nuts = item.nuts;
 
   /*
    * Type-specific columns are spread across the payload rather than nested under a key.
@@ -379,28 +424,55 @@ export function resetStatsCache(): void {
   statsCache = null;
 }
 
-/** Health bypasses the stats cache: it is the endpoint you page on. */
+/**
+ * Health bypasses the stats cache: it is the endpoint you page on.
+ *
+ * Three things can degrade it, and they are three different failures:
+ *
+ *   probeStale         nothing has checked a mint in three intervals
+ *   !discoveryOk       the last discovery cycle threw
+ *   report.starved     the last backfill read less than BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS
+ *
+ * The third is the one added after the postmortem, and it is the only one that would
+ * have caught a year of the index sitting at eight mints: the cycles were completing,
+ * `ok` was true, the probes were fresh, and the relay list simply did not contain the
+ * relay holding the archive. "Ran without throwing" is not the same claim as "read
+ * anything", and only the second one is worth a green light.
+ *
+ * A deployment with an empty database reports degraded until its first backfill lands,
+ * because until then nothing has confirmed the relay set reads anything at all. That is
+ * intended: it holds `cashumints-web.service` at its health gate rather than letting it
+ * publish a site built from nothing.
+ */
 export async function getHealth(): Promise<Health> {
   const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
   const db = await getDb();
 
-  const [lastProbe, lastDiscovery, discoveryOkRaw, tracked] = await Promise.all([
+  const [lastProbe, lastDiscovery, discoveryOkRaw, tracked, report] = await Promise.all([
     getStateNumber('last_probe_at'),
     getStateNumber('last_discovery_at'),
     getState('last_discovery_ok'),
     db.get<{ n: number }>('SELECT COUNT(*) AS n FROM mints'),
+    lastDiscoveryReport(),
   ]);
 
   const discoveryOk = discoveryOkRaw !== '0';
   const staleAfter = config.probeIntervalMin * 60 * 3;
   const probeStale = lastProbe === null || now - lastProbe > staleAfter;
+  // No report at all is starvation by default: see the note above.
+  const starved = report?.starved ?? true;
 
   return {
-    status: probeStale || !discoveryOk ? 'degraded' : 'ok',
+    status: probeStale || !discoveryOk || starved ? 'degraded' : 'ok',
     uptime_s: now - startedAt,
     last_probe_at: lastProbe,
     last_discovery_at: lastDiscovery,
     mints_tracked: tracked?.n ?? 0,
     updated_at: now,
+    discovery_relays: report?.relays ?? [],
+    last_discovery_events: report?.events ?? null,
+    last_discovery_mode: report?.mode ?? null,
+    discovery_starved: starved,
+    backfill_min_events: config.backfillMinEvents,
   };
 }
diff --git a/api/tsconfig.json b/api/tsconfig.json
index 3389744..977249f 100644
--- a/api/tsconfig.json
+++ b/api/tsconfig.json
@@ -7,7 +7,22 @@
     "strict": true,
     "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
     "noImplicitOverride": true,
-    "noEmit": true,
+    /*
+     * This project is compiled now, rather than run straight off `src/*.ts`.
+     *
+     * The reason is a fifteen-hour crash loop: the unit's ExecStart named `src/index.ts`,
+     * the host's `/usr/bin/node` was 20, and native type stripping is 22.18 and newer, so
+     * every start died on ERR_UNKNOWN_FILE_EXTENSION and systemd restarted it 464 times
+     * without anything going red. Emitting plain `.js` removes the host's Node version
+     * from the set of things that can break a deploy.
+     *
+     * `rewriteRelativeImportExtensions` is what lets the source keep its explicit `.ts`
+     * specifiers — which is what makes `node --watch src/index.ts` work in development —
+     * while the emitted files import `./config.js` and run anywhere.
+     */
+    "outDir": "dist",
+    "rootDir": "src",
+    "sourceMap": true,
     "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
     "rewriteRelativeImportExtensions": true,
     "skipLibCheck": true,
diff --git a/deploy/alert.env.example b/deploy/alert.env.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f6b638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/alert.env.example
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#
+# Read by cashumints-alert@.service, which systemd starts when any of the three units
+# fails. Everything here is optional: with the file absent or both values empty, an
+# alert is still written to the journal at ERROR priority and is readable with
+#
+#     journalctl -p err -t cashumints-alert
+#
+# Set one or both to have failures leave the machine.
+#
+# Install it root-owned and not world-readable — a webhook URL is a capability:
+#     sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/cashumints
+#     sudo install -m 0640 -o root -g root deploy/alert.env.example /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#     sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+
+# An ntfy topic URL. Free and public at ntfy.sh; pick a topic name nobody will guess,
+# because anyone who knows it can read and post to it.
+#NTFY_URL=https://ntfy.sh/cashumints-alerts-CHANGE-ME
+
+# Anything that accepts a JSON POST. The body carries `unit`, `host`, `at`, `text` and
+# `content` — the last of which is what Discord and most Slack-compatible endpoints read,
+# so one payload fits all three.
+#WEBHOOK_URL=https://discord.com/api/webhooks/…
diff --git a/deploy/cashumints-alert@.service b/deploy/cashumints-alert@.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb9a1bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/cashumints-alert@.service
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-alert@.service
+#
+# The unit that makes a failure audible.
+#
+# The other three units each carry `OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service`, so systemd
+# starts one of these with the failed unit's name as the instance — `%i` below is
+# literally `cashumints.service`, `cashumints-web.service` or `cashumints-site.service`.
+#
+# Why it exists: the API once crash looped 464 times over fifteen hours and nothing said
+# so. `Restart=on-failure` with no start limit is an infinite loop that never reaches a
+# `failed` state, so the journal filled with identical lines nobody was reading and
+# every signal stayed green. The other half of the fix is StartLimitBurst= in each unit,
+# which turns the loop into a failure; this is what carries that failure off the machine.
+#
+# Install:
+#     sudo install -m 0644 deploy/cashumints-alert@.service /etc/systemd/system/
+#     sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/cashumints
+#     sudo install -m 0640 -o root -g root deploy/alert.env.example /etc/cashumints/alert.env
+#     sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+#
+# No [Install] section and never enabled: OnFailure= starts it, and a unit that also
+# started at boot would page on every reboot.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=Notify that %i failed
+# No OnFailure= here. An alerter that alerts about its own failure is a loop, and this
+# one is written so its worst case is a journal line rather than a retry.
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+
+# The one file an operator edits, and the only reason this unit is configurable at all.
+# Absent is a supported state — the leading `-` says so — and then the ExecStart below
+# still writes to the journal at ERROR, which is what `systemctl status` and
+# `journalctl -p err` read. See alert.env.example.
+EnvironmentFile=-/etc/cashumints/alert.env
+
+# So `journalctl -t cashumints-alert` finds every alert, whichever unit triggered it.
+SyslogIdentifier=cashumints-alert
+
+# Everything is inside one shell so the "nothing configured" branch is reachable without
+# a second unit. The pieces, in order:
+#
+#   - `printf '<3>…'` on stdout. systemd reads that syslog prefix off a journal stream
+#     and files the line at priority 3, ERROR, so `journalctl -p err` is a complete
+#     history of failures on a host with no webhook configured at all. `<4>` is warning.
+#     A prefix rather than systemd-cat, so the unit needs nothing from the filesystem it
+#     has just sandboxed itself away from.
+#   - NTFY_URL is a topic URL (https://ntfy.sh/your-topic). It gets a plain-text body
+#     naming the failed unit, plus the header names ntfy understands.
+#   - WEBHOOK_URL gets a JSON POST instead, for Discord, Slack or anything that speaks
+#     `{"content": …}` — every key is sent, so one payload fits all of them.
+#   - `--max-time 10` and a `||` fallback on each: an alert that hangs would hold the
+#     failed unit's job open, and an alert that fails must not itself become a second
+#     failed unit for somebody to notice. The shell ends in `true` for the same reason.
+#
+# `%i` is the failed unit's name, passed as an argument rather than interpolated into
+# the shell text: systemd expands specifiers before /bin/sh ever sees the line, and a
+# unit name is not a thing to trust to quoting.
+ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '\
+  UNIT="$1"; \
+  HOST="$(hostname)"; \
+  WHEN="$(date -Is)"; \
+  TEXT="$UNIT failed on $HOST at $WHEN"; \
+  printf "<3>%s\\n" "$TEXT"; \
+  if [ -n "$NTFY_URL" ]; then \
+    /usr/bin/curl -fsS --max-time 10 \
+      -H "Title: cashumints: $UNIT failed" \
+      -H "Priority: high" \
+      -H "Tags: rotating_light" \
+      -d "$TEXT" "$NTFY_URL" >/dev/null \
+      || printf "<3>%s\\n" "alert: POST to NTFY_URL failed"; \
+  fi; \
+  if [ -n "$WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then \
+    /usr/bin/curl -fsS --max-time 10 \
+      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+      -d "{\\"unit\\":\\"$UNIT\\",\\"host\\":\\"$HOST\\",\\"at\\":\\"$WHEN\\",\\"text\\":\\"$TEXT\\",\\"content\\":\\"$TEXT\\"}" \
+      "$WEBHOOK_URL" >/dev/null \
+      || printf "<3>%s\\n" "alert: POST to WEBHOOK_URL failed"; \
+  fi; \
+  if [ -z "$NTFY_URL" ] && [ -z "$WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then \
+    printf "<4>%s\\n" "alert: no NTFY_URL or WEBHOOK_URL in /etc/cashumints/alert.env, journal only"; \
+  fi; \
+  true' _ %i
+
+# It sends one HTTP request and writes one line. It needs no identity of its own, and
+# DynamicUser gives it a throwaway one rather than sharing `nobody` with everything else
+# on the host that also could not be bothered to make a user.
+DynamicUser=yes
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateDevices=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=true
+ProtectKernelTunables=true
+ProtectKernelModules=true
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
+RestrictSUIDSGID=true
+LockPersonality=true
+# An alert that cannot reach the network in ten seconds is not worth a stuck job.
+TimeoutStartSec=30
diff --git a/deploy/cashumints-site.service b/deploy/cashumints-site.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..131e321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/cashumints-site.service
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-site.service
+#
+# Serves the built site on loopback. nginx proxies to it and never opens a file itself,
+# which is the point: when nginx held a `root` inside /home/cashumints, every directory
+# down to dist had to be traversable by www-data, and the one that was not took the
+# whole site down as a blanket 404 with nothing in the error log naming the cause.
+#
+# This is a long-running daemon, unlike cashumints-web.service next to it — that one is
+# the oneshot that produces what this one serves.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=cashumints.space static site server
+Wants=network-online.target
+After=network-online.target
+# Give up after five failures in two minutes instead of restarting forever. A process
+# that cannot start will not start on the 4000th attempt either, and `failed` in
+# `systemctl status` is a far louder signal than a journal scrolling past. The window
+# matches cashumints.service; see the note there for why it is 120s and not 60s. These
+# two are [Unit] keys; systemd ignores them under [Service] with only a warning.
+StartLimitIntervalSec=120
+StartLimitBurst=5
+
+# Carry a failure off the machine. `%n` is this unit's own name, so the alert says
+# which one died. cashumints-alert@.service writes to the journal at ERROR always and
+# curls NTFY_URL or WEBHOOK_URL from /etc/cashumints/alert.env when either is set.
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
+# Not Requires=cashumints.service: the pages are prerendered, so the site keeps serving
+# a correct-as-of-last-build copy while the API is down. Only the islands go quiet.
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+User=cashumints
+Group=cashumints
+WorkingDirectory=/home/cashumints/CashuMints.space/web
+
+# The tree comes from cashumints-web.service, which rsyncs it here after a build.
+# Serving web/dist directly would mean a rebuild empties the site for the length of it.
+StateDirectory=cashumints
+Environment=NODE_ENV=production
+Environment=SITE_PORT=8789
+Environment=SITE_HOST=127.0.0.1
+Environment=WEB_ROOT=/var/lib/cashumints/web
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/node server.mjs
+
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=5s
+KillSignal=SIGTERM
+# In-flight responses finish; idle keep-alive connections are closed at once.
+TimeoutStopSec=15s
+UMask=0027
+
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateTmp=true
+PrivateDevices=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+# Read-only rather than absent: server.mjs itself lives under /home/cashumints.
+ProtectHome=read-only
+ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/cashumints
+ProtectKernelTunables=true
+ProtectKernelModules=true
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
+RestrictSUIDSGID=true
+LockPersonality=true
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/deploy/cashumints-web.service b/deploy/cashumints-web.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..135dfb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/cashumints-web.service
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints-web.service
+#
+# The frontend is static: `output: 'static'` in astro.config.mjs, and the whole site is
+# produced ahead of time. There is no frontend build to keep alive, so this unit is a
+# build rather than a daemon — one shot of `pnpm build`, which compiles shared/, renders
+# a social card per mint and prerenders every page from the live API. The daemon that
+# hands the result out is cashumints-site.service.
+#
+# Run it after a deploy, and only after a deploy:
+#     sudo systemctl start cashumints-web
+#
+# There used to be a cashumints-web.timer firing this at 03:30 every night, because the
+# mint list was a snapshot of whatever the API held when the build ran and a nightly
+# rebuild was the only way it ever changed. The list hydrates from the API after paint
+# now, so a new mint, a new review count and a changed status all reach the page within
+# a second of load, and rebuilding 2,000 pages at 03:30 to refresh numbers that refresh
+# themselves is 20 minutes of CPU for nothing.
+#
+# What a build still produces, and therefore what a deploy is still for: the prerendered
+# HTML a crawler reads, the social card per mint, the sitemap, and a `/mint/{host}` page
+# for every mint known at build time. A mint indexed since the last deploy has no page of
+# its own until the next one; the 404 fallback resolves it against the live API, so it is
+# readable and reviewable in the meantime. That was already true between nightly builds.
+#
+# There is deliberately no [Install] section — this belongs to a deploy, not to a boot.
+
+[Unit]
+Description=Rebuild the cashumints.space static site
+# Every page's data comes from the API over loopback, so the API has to be up.
+# Requires= rather than Wants=: a dead API should abort the build, not replace a good
+# site with an empty one.
+Requires=cashumints.service
+After=cashumints.service network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+# Carry a failure off the machine. `%n` is this unit's own name, so the alert says
+# which one died. cashumints-alert@.service writes to the journal at ERROR always and
+# curls NTFY_URL or WEBHOOK_URL from /etc/cashumints/alert.env when either is set.
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+User=cashumints
+Group=cashumints
+WorkingDirectory=/home/cashumints/CashuMints.space
+
+# Where the published copy lands. Shared with the API and the site server, and created
+# by systemd with this unit's ownership if it is not there yet.
+StateDirectory=cashumints
+
+Environment=NODE_ENV=production
+# Where the build reaches the API. Must match PORT= in cashumints.service.
+Environment=API_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8788
+Environment=SITE_URL=https://cashumints.space
+# Browser-facing origin. Empty means same origin: islands fetch /api/... and nginx
+# forwards it. Set this only if the API ever moves to its own hostname. Declared here
+# even though it is empty, because systemd's environment wins over .env — so what a
+# production build emits cannot drift with an edit to that file.
+Environment=PUBLIC_API_URL=
+
+# After= orders the start; it does not wait for the port to accept connections. At boot
+# the API is still opening its database and probing, so block until it reports healthy
+# rather than letting the first fetch die on ECONNREFUSED. /api/health answers 503 until
+# it is genuinely ready, and curl -f treats that as a failure, so the loop keeps waiting.
+ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/timeout 90 /bin/sh -c 'until curl -sf -o /dev/null http://127.0.0.1:8788/api/health; do sleep 1; done'
+
+# Then: does the API actually have an index to build a site out of?
+#
+# Health answering 200 says the process is up and its last backfill read something. It
+# does not say how many mints are in the table, and those are different questions — the
+# year of ~31-event backfills had a healthy API serving a real, complete, correct list of
+# eight mints. A build against that succeeds, prerenders eight cards, and rsync happily
+# replaces fifty-five with eight.
+#
+# So count the list before spending twenty minutes building from it. Below the floor
+# this exits non-zero, systemd abandons the unit at ExecStartPre, and — because publishing
+# is ExecStartPost, after the build — the previously published site is never touched. The
+# site stays exactly as it was and the OnFailure alert says why.
+#
+# Counted by the `"host":` key, one per item, rather than by counting `{`: the list
+# payload carries a nested object per mint (its NUT capability switches), so brace
+# counting would report roughly double. No jq: it is not installed on this host and a
+# build gate should not add a dependency to run.
+#
+# `Q` is a double-quote character, built with printf rather than written literally,
+# because this whole command is already inside systemd's single quotes and a quote of
+# either kind in the grep pattern would end the argument early.
+#
+# A curl that fails for any reason leaves `n` empty, `$${n:-0}` reads that as zero, and
+# zero is below every floor — so an API that fell over between the health check above and
+# this line refuses the build rather than sailing through it.
+Environment=MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD=20
+ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c 'Q=$$(printf "\\042"); \
+  n=$$(curl -sf --max-time 30 http://127.0.0.1:8788/api/mints | grep -o "$${Q}host$${Q}:" | wc -l); \
+  if [ "$${n:-0}" -lt "$$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD" ]; then \
+    printf "<3>%s\\n" "refusing to build: /api/mints returned $${n:-0} mints, floor is $$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD. Previous site left untouched."; \
+    exit 1; \
+  fi; \
+  printf "%s\\n" "build gate: $$n mints, floor $$MIN_MINTS_FOR_BUILD"'
+# Check `which pnpm` on the host: a corepack or pnpm-home install sits outside /usr/bin,
+# and systemd's PATH does not include it.
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/pnpm build
+
+# Publish, as a separate step from building.
+#
+# `astro build` empties dist before it writes, so the site server cannot read dist
+# directly — a rebuild would be a minute of 404s. It serves this copy instead, and the
+# copy is only touched once a build has succeeded: a failed build leaves the previous
+# site up rather than replacing it with a half-written one, which is the same reason
+# Requires=cashumints.service is above and the same reason the mint-count gate is an
+# ExecStartPre rather than a check after the fact.
+#
+# --delay-updates stages the changed files and renames them in at the end, so the window
+# where the tree is a mix of two builds is a rename rather than a whole transfer, and
+# --delete-after keeps removals from landing before their replacements. Unchanged files
+# — every hashed asset and card, which is nearly all of it — are not touched at all.
+ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete-after --delay-updates web/dist/ /var/lib/cashumints/web/
+
+# ~200 prerendered pages plus a card per mint. Minutes, not seconds, on a small VPS, and
+# TimeoutStartSec is what bounds a Type=oneshot.
+TimeoutStartSec=1800
+# A build should not starve the API it is reading from.
+Nice=10
+
+# The site server runs as cashumints and reads its own files, so this no longer has to
+# be world-readable — it was 0022 for nginx, back when nginx opened the files as
+# www-data. Kept at 0022 anyway: rsync preserves these modes into the published copy,
+# and a readable static site is easier to inspect than one that needs sudo.
+UMask=0022
+
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateTmp=true
+PrivateDevices=true
+# ProtectHome is deliberately absent, unlike in cashumints.service: this unit writes
+# inside /home/cashumints — web/dist, web/public/og, web/src/generated and the pnpm
+# store are all under it.
+ProtectSystem=full
+ProtectKernelTunables=true
+ProtectKernelModules=true
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
diff --git a/deploy/cashumints.service b/deploy/cashumints.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..495ebb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/cashumints.service
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# /etc/systemd/system/cashumints.service
+[Unit]
+Description=cashumints.space indexer and API
+Wants=network-online.target
+After=network-online.target
+# Stop after five failures in two minutes rather than restarting forever.
+#
+# The window is 120s and not 60s because RestartSec=5s below means five attempts take
+# a little over twenty seconds of restarts plus however long each attempt lives before
+# it dies. A process that fails *slowly* — a database that times out, a port that takes
+# four seconds to refuse — can spread five failures past a sixty second window and reset
+# the counter forever, which is the loop this is supposed to stop. 120s covers that.
+#
+# The failure this exists for: ExecStart named a .ts file, /usr/bin/node was 20, and
+# every start died in under a second. 464 restarts over fifteen hours, and because
+# Restart=on-failure without a start limit never reaches a `failed` state, nothing
+# anywhere went red. Both keys belong to [Unit] — under [Service] systemd only warns and
+# ignores them.
+StartLimitIntervalSec=120
+StartLimitBurst=5
+
+# Carry a failure off the machine. `%n` is this unit's own name, so the alert says
+# which one died. cashumints-alert@.service writes to the journal at ERROR always and
+# curls NTFY_URL or WEBHOOK_URL from /etc/cashumints/alert.env when either is set.
+OnFailure=cashumints-alert@%n.service
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+User=cashumints
+Group=cashumints
+WorkingDirectory=/home/cashumints/CashuMints.space/api
+
+# StateDirectory creates /var/lib/cashumints with the service user's ownership.
+StateDirectory=cashumints
+Environment=NODE_ENV=production
+Environment=PORT=8788
+Environment=DB_PATH=/var/lib/cashumints/cashumints.db
+Environment=ICON_DIR=/var/lib/cashumints/icons
+
+# Compiled JavaScript, run by the distribution's own node.
+#
+# This line used to read `src/index.ts`, which made every start depend on the host
+# having Node 22.18 or newer for native type stripping. A host with Node 20 answered
+# that with ERR_UNKNOWN_FILE_EXTENSION in under a second, 464 times over fifteen hours,
+# and nothing anywhere went red. `pnpm build` now emits api/dist, so what runs here is
+# ordinary ESM and any Node from 20.18 up will start it.
+#
+# Deliberately /usr/bin/node and nothing else: an nvm or fnm path is invisible to this
+# unit's ProtectHome and breaks silently at the next version bump.
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/node --env-file-if-exists=../.env dist/index.js
+
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=5s
+KillSignal=SIGTERM
+TimeoutStopSec=30s
+UMask=0027
+
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateTmp=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=read-only
+ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/cashumints
+PrivateDevices=true
+ProtectKernelTunables=true
+ProtectKernelModules=true
+ProtectControlGroups=true
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
diff --git a/deploy/nginx.conf b/deploy/nginx.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..383c265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/deploy/nginx.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# /etc/nginx/sites-available/cashumints.space
+#
+# nginx terminates TLS and proxies. It opens no file belonging to this project — not the
+# built site, not an icon — and that is deliberate.
+#
+# It used to point a `root` at web/dist. Because nginx runs as www-data and everything
+# this project owns runs as cashumints, that arrangement required every directory from /
+# down to dist to be traversable by a user with no other business in the tree. A home
+# directory at its default 0700 anywhere in that chain broke the entire site, and it
+# broke it invisibly: `try_files` treats a permission error as a plain miss, so the
+# symptom was a blanket 404, or an internal-redirect loop that ended in a 500 with the
+# real cause named nowhere.
+#
+# Two upstreams now, both on loopback, both owned by the same user that built what they
+# serve:
+#
+#     127.0.0.1:8789   cashumints-site.service   the prerendered site
+#     127.0.0.1:8788   cashumints.service        /api/* and /icons/*
+#
+# Routing that used to live here lives with the thing that owns it. The locale 404 rule
+# in particular was a hand-maintained alternation of 23 codes in a file that is not in
+# the repository; adding a language meant remembering to edit it, and forgetting was
+# silent. web/server.mjs resolves those from the built tree.
+
+proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/cashumints
+                 levels=1:2
+                 keys_zone=cashumints:10m
+                 max_size=256m
+                 inactive=10m
+                 use_temp_path=off;
+
+# Keep a few connections open to each upstream rather than reconnecting per request.
+# Both processes hold idle sockets longer than nginx does, so nginx is always the side
+# that closes and there is no window where it reuses a socket the upstream just dropped
+# — that race is what produces sporadic 502s under load.
+upstream cashumints_site {
+  server 127.0.0.1:8789;
+  keepalive 16;
+}
+
+upstream cashumints_api {
+  server 127.0.0.1:8788;
+  keepalive 8;
+}
+
+server {
+  listen 80;
+  listen [::]:80;
+  server_name cashumints.space;
+
+  location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
+    root /var/www/html;
+  }
+
+  location / {
+    return 301 https://cashumints.space$request_uri;
+  }
+}
+
+server {
+  listen 443 ssl http2;
+  listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
+  server_name cashumints.space;
+
+  # nginx 1.25 and later want `http2 on;` on its own line and warn about the form above.
+  # Left as is because it is the form that works on both, and Debian 12 ships 1.22.
+
+  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/cashumints.space/fullchain.pem;
+  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/cashumints.space/privkey.pem;
+  include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
+  ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;
+
+  # Set here rather than upstream: this is the only part of the stack that knows a
+  # request arrived over TLS. Add `preload` only once you are content never to serve
+  # this name over plain HTTP again.
+  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
+
+  # The upstreams send no Content-Encoding, so compression is nginx's to do. gzip_proxied
+  # any is required — without it nginx refuses to compress a proxied response at all.
+  gzip on;
+  gzip_proxied any;
+  gzip_vary on;
+  gzip_comp_level 5;
+  gzip_min_length 1024;
+  gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/javascript application/json
+             application/manifest+json application/xml image/svg+xml;
+
+  # Nothing here accepts an upload. The API's largest body is an 8 KB JSON submission,
+  # and rejecting the oversized ones at the edge keeps them off the Node process.
+  client_max_body_size 16k;
+
+  # Both upstreams are a process on this machine. A slow response is a bug, not a
+  # network condition, and failing fast beats holding a worker for a minute.
+  proxy_connect_timeout 2s;
+  proxy_read_timeout 30s;
+  proxy_send_timeout 30s;
+
+  # HTTP/1.1 with an empty Connection header is what makes the keepalive pools above
+  # work; the default 1.0 opens a new socket per request.
+  proxy_http_version 1.1;
+  proxy_set_header Connection "";
+
+  # Every proxied location includes Debian's /etc/nginx/proxy_params, which sets Host,
+  # X-Real-IP, X-Forwarded-For and X-Forwarded-Proto. That include is load-bearing, not
+  # decorative: the API's rate limiter reads the last hop of X-Forwarded-For to tell two
+  # visitors apart, and without it every request arrives from the loopback peer and
+  # shares one bucket. On a distro that ships no proxy_params, set those four by hand.
+  # Do not also set X-Forwarded-For alongside the include — declaring it twice is what
+  # produces nginx's "could not build optimal proxy_headers_hash" warning.
+
+  # The prerendered site. Cache-Control comes from server.mjs — a year and immutable for
+  # anything with a content hash in its name, revalidate-every-time for markup — so
+  # there is nothing to restate here.
+  location / {
+    proxy_pass http://cashumints_site;
+    include proxy_params;
+  }
+
+  # Health must always reflect the live process.
+  location = /api/health {
+    proxy_pass http://cashumints_api;
+    proxy_cache off;
+    # add_header replaces rather than merges: declaring one here drops every add_header
+    # inherited from the server block, so HSTS has to be restated alongside it.
+    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
+    add_header Cache-Control "no-store" always;
+    include proxy_params;
+  }
+
+  # Briefly cache the read-heavy endpoints.
+  location ~ ^/api/(mints|stats)(?:/|$|\?) {
+    proxy_pass http://cashumints_api;
+    proxy_cache cashumints;
+    proxy_cache_valid 200 30s;
+    proxy_cache_valid 404 10s;
+    proxy_cache_use_stale updating error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503;
+    proxy_cache_background_update on;
+    proxy_cache_lock on;
+    # Restated for the same reason as in /api/health above.
+    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
+    add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status always;
+    include proxy_params;
+  }
+
+  location /api/ {
+    proxy_pass http://cashumints_api;
+    include proxy_params;
+  }
+
+  location /icons/ {
+    proxy_pass http://cashumints_api;
+    proxy_cache cashumints;
+    proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;
+    include proxy_params;
+  }
+
+  # No error_page and no try_files. A miss is the site server's 404 page, in the right
+  # language and with a 404 status; an nginx error page here would replace it with a
+  # blank one and hide which upstream failed.
+}
diff --git a/docs/dynamic-mint-data.md b/docs/dynamic-mint-data.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64ad054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/dynamic-mint-data.md
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+# Dynamic mint data: analysis
+
+**Status:** analysis only. No code or config was changed.
+
+**Goal:** new and updated mints, stats, and reviews should appear on the list (and related list surfaces) immediately, without waiting for the nightly static rebuild.
+
+**Current architecture (important correction):** nginx does **not** serve `web/dist` as files. Production is:
+
+```
+browser → nginx :443 → cashumints-site (web/server.mjs :8789) → published copy of dist
+                      → cashumints_api  (Hono :8788)          → /api/*, /icons/*
+```
+
+`cashumints-web.timer` rebuilds at **03:30** daily, then `rsync`s `web/dist/` to `WEB_ROOT` (`/var/lib/cashumints/web`). Markup is a snapshot of whatever the API returned at that build.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Data flow audit
+
+There are **no Astro content collections**. Every dynamic page either fetches the Hono API at **build time** (`web/src/lib/api.ts`, `API_URL`, default `http://127.0.0.1:8787` / prod `8788`) or hydrates in the browser from `/api/…` and/or Nostr.
+
+Astro “islands” here are **not** React/Vue/Svelte with `client:load`. There is **zero** `client:*` usage. Runtime behaviour is vanilla `<script>` modules in `.astro` files, bundled by Vite, re-run on view transitions via `onReady()`.
+
+### 1.1 Every route under `web/src/pages`
+
+| Route | `getStaticPaths` | Build-time data | Client-side at runtime |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `[...locale]/index.astro` (`/`, `/es`, …) | `localePaths` (one HTML page per locale) | `fetchMints`, `fetchFedimints`, `fetchLnurlMints`, `fetchStats`, `fetchHealth`; N+1 `fetchMint` / `fetchFedimint` / `fetchLnurlMint` for the top 6 of each; `fetchLatestReviews()` from relays via `nostr-build.ts` | **PulseTicker** refreshes `/api/stats` + `/api/health`. Search form is GET to `/mints`. Review carousel is **not** re-queried. ColorBends is WebGL only. |
+| `[...locale]/mints.astro` | `localePaths` | `fetchMints()` then **one `fetchMint(host)` per mint** for NUT chips | Search / sort / hide-offline only rearrange **already-rendered** cards. **No live refetch.** |
+| `[...locale]/fedimints.astro` | `localePaths` | `fetchFedimints()` (no N+1; no NUT chips) | Same client filter/sort as `/mints`. **No live refetch.** |
+| `[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro` | `localePaths` | `fetchLnurlMints()` + N+1 `fetchLnurlMint` for chips | Same. **No live refetch.** |
+| `[...locale]/mint/[host].astro` | `localePathsFor` over **every cashu mint known at build** | `fetchMints()` + `fetchMint(host)` per mint, shared across locales | **MintLive** → `GET /api/mints/:host`. **Reviews** → Nostr via `nostr-tools` `SimplePool`. |
+| `[...locale]/fedimint/[id].astro` | same pattern, `fetchFedimints` | federation detail | Same two islands. |
+| `[...locale]/lnurl-mint/[host].astro` | same pattern, `fetchLnurlMints` | LNURL detail | Same two islands. |
+| `[...locale]/reviews.astro` | `localePaths` | `fetchAllListings()`, `fetchStats()`, `fetchReviewFeed(…, 30)` from relays | **Re-queries relays** (`feed-client.ts` `loadFeed`), paginates, filters. This is the working “live list” pattern. |
+| `[...locale]/wallets.astro` | `localePaths` | Hardcoded wallet array in the page | None |
+| `[...locale]/about.astro` | `localePaths` | `fetchStats()` for counts in copy | None |
+| `[...locale]/privacy.astro`, `terms.astro`, `disclaimer.astro` | `localePaths` | i18n catalogs only | None |
+| `[...locale]/404.astro` + `pages/404.astro` | prefixed locales / English `/404` | None (static 404 shell) | **NotFound resolver:** `GET /api/mints/:host`, on miss `POST /api/index`, then reviews panel |
+| `sitemap.xml.ts` | n/a (endpoint at build) | `fetchMints` / `fetchFedimints` / `fetchLnurlMints`; `isIndexableMint` filter | n/a |
+| `robots.txt.ts` | n/a | `SITE_URL` only; `Disallow: /api/`, `/icons/` | n/a |
+
+24 locales (`en` plus 23 prefixes). List pages are ~24 HTML files each. Mint detail pages are `mints × locales` (README ballpark: ~55 cashu mints × 24 ≈ 1,300+ pages, plus federations and LNURL).
+
+### 1.2 Why `/mints` shows only a subset, with stale stats and reviews
+
+**Not pagination.** `fetchMints()` calls `GET /api/mints?type=cashu` with **no `limit`**. `listMints()` in the API returns every matching row, sorted by score. The optional `?limit=` query is unused by the site.
+
+**Not an `isIndexableMint` filter on the grid.** Unreachable, unreviewed mints still render as cards. That predicate only drops them from JSON-LD `ItemList` and the sitemap.
+
+**The list is a frozen HTML snapshot.** `mints.astro` does:
+
+```ts
+const mints = await fetchMints();
+const capabilities = await Promise.all(
+  mints.map((mint) => fetchMint(mint.host).then(…).catch(() => null)),
+);
+```
+
+then maps every item to `<MintCard>`. After publish, those cards do not change until the next `cashumints-web.timer` run.
+
+What that freezes:
+
+| Card field | Source at build | Live counterpart |
+|---|---|---|
+| Presence of the mint | API `mints` table at 03:30 | Discovery + `POST /api/index` write new rows immediately |
+| `review_count`, `rating_avg`, `score`, `last_review_at` | SQL aggregates of **ingested** Nostr reviews | Relays (and the API, once discovery has ingested) |
+| `status`, `last_online` | last probe stored in the DB | `GET /api/mints/:host` (what MintLive already uses) |
+| Melt-only / frozen chip | N+1 detail fetch of cached `/v1/info` | same detail payload |
+
+**Why a mint can exist “on the site” but not on the list:** the 404 resolver (`NotFound.astro`) looks up `/mint/{host}` against the **live** API and, if missing, calls `POST /api/index`. That mint becomes reviewable at once. It does **not** get a card on `/mints` until rebuild. Same for Review-by-URL. The README states this as intended:
+
+> Mint pages are prerendered, so new mints and new review counts appear at the next build. … an unbuilt mint still resolves through the client-side fallback on the 404 page.
+
+**Why reviews look wrong on the list and right on the detail page:** `/mints` never talks to Nostr. It prints `MintListItem.review_count` / `rating_avg` from the API snapshot. The detail page’s `Reviews.astro` calls `loadReviews(subject)` against relays and replaces the panel. A review written today is on the detail page as soon as relays answer; the list card still shows yesterday’s count.
+
+**Home page extra subset:** `mints.slice(0, 6)` (and the same for federations / LNURL). “Latest reviews” is a **build-time** relay read (`fetchLatestReviews(…, 10)`), unlike `/reviews`, which re-queries on load.
+
+### 1.3 How the mint detail page fetches Nostr (the pattern that works)
+
+**Component:** `web/src/components/Reviews.astro`  
+Root: `[data-reviews-panel]` with `data-subject={JSON.stringify(subject)}`.  
+Script imports `loadReviews` / `loadProfiles` from `web/src/lib/reviews-client.ts`.
+
+**Library:** [`nostr-tools`](https://github.com/nbd-wtf/nostr-tools) **v2.10.4** — `SimplePool` from `nostr-tools/pool`, plus `nip19`. **Not NDK.**
+
+**Relays** (`DEFAULT_RELAYS` in `shared/src/nostr.ts`, overridable with `PUBLIC_REVIEW_RELAYS`):
+
+- `wss://relay.cashumints.space`
+- `wss://nos.lol`
+- `wss://relay.azzamo.net`
+- `wss://relay.snort.social`
+- `wss://relay.primal.net`
+
+Profiles add `wss://purplepag.es` and `wss://relay.nostr.net`.
+
+**Query:** kind `38000` (addressable reviews), two OR’d filters, `limit: 500`, `maxWait: 8000` ms:
+
+1. `#d` = mint pubkey (plus LNURL alternate ids) and `#k` = announcement kind
+2. `#u` = URL spellings (legacy Cashu reviews; federations skip this)
+
+Newest event per author wins. In-tab cache 5 minutes. Empty result is treated as a relay error if the API had counted reviews.
+
+**Live status (API, not Nostr):** `MintLive.astro` is a hidden `[data-mint-live={host}]` marker. Its script `fetch(`${apiBase}/api/mints/${host}`)` and patches the status chip, banner, limits, and NUT/module/feature rows. `apiBase` is `import.meta.env.PUBLIC_API_URL`, empty in production → same-origin `/api/…`.
+
+**Unbuilt mint URLs:** `server.mjs` serves the locale 404. `NotFound.astro` derives the address from the path, `GET /api/mints/:host`, then `POST /api/index` on miss, then dispatches `cashumints:subject` so the same Reviews island starts.
+
+---
+
+## 2. API coverage
+
+All routes are in `api/src/server.ts`. CORS is enabled on `/api/*` and `/icons/*` (`hono/cors`, default allow-all). Production uses **same origin** (`PUBLIC_API_URL=` empty; nginx proxies `/api/` and `/icons/`), so browsers never hit a cross-origin API unless that env is set.
+
+### 2.1 Existing endpoints
+
+#### `GET /api/mints`
+
+- Query: `?type=cashu|fedimint|lnurl` (unknown type → empty array); optional `?limit=N`
+- No type filter → **entire index**, each item tagged `type`
+- **No default limit.** Full list.
+- Response: `MintListItem[]`
+
+```ts
+{
+  url: string;
+  host: string;
+  name: string | null;
+  icon: string | null;          // "/icons/…" or null
+  type: 'cashu' | 'fedimint' | 'lnurl' | string;
+  status: 'online' | 'degraded' | 'offline' | 'unknown' | 'announced';
+  last_online: number | null;   // unix
+  review_count: number;         // ingested, one-per-author
+  rating_avg: number | null;    // 1 decimal
+  score: number;                // Bayesian, from those aggregates
+  last_review_at: number | null;
+  version: string | null;
+}
+```
+
+**This is enough to rebuild the `/mints` grid** (name, icon, rating, count, status, sort keys). It is **not** enough for melt-only / frozen chips (`nuts` / capabilities) or for true sentiment bars (`rating_distribution`). Those currently require N+1 `GET /api/mints/:host`.
+
+#### `GET /api/mints/:host`
+
+- 404 `{ error, message }` if unknown
+- Response: `MintDetail` = list item plus:
+
+```ts
+{
+  description, pubkey, info /* NUT-06 */, nuts: string[],
+  first_seen, last_probe, updated_at,
+  rating_distribution: { '1'..'5': number },
+  reviews_90d, uptime_30d, probes_recent: { ts, ok, latency_ms }[],
+  // fedimint extras when type=fedimint: federation_id, invite_codes, modules, …
+  // lnurl extras when type=lnurl: features, funding_available, withdraw bounds, …
+}
+```
+
+Used by MintLive and the 404 resolver. **No review bodies.**
+
+#### `GET /api/stats`
+
+In-process memo **60s**. Cashu `mints_*` counts are cashu-only.
+
+```ts
+{
+  mints_total, mints_online, mints_offline, mints_degraded,
+  reviews_total, last_review_at, updated_at,
+  cashu_total,  // same as mints_total
+  fedimint_total, fedimint_online, fedimint_offline, fedimint_announced, fedimint_reviews,
+  lnurl_total, lnurl_online, lnurl_offline, lnurl_degraded_funding, lnurl_reviews
+}
+```
+
+PulseTicker already consumes this live.
+
+#### `GET /api/health`
+
+`Cache-Control: no-store`. `{ status, uptime_s, last_probe_at, last_discovery_at, mints_tracked, updated_at }`. 503 when degraded.
+
+#### `POST /api/index`
+
+The only write. Body `{ type, input }`. Rate limit **10/hour/IP** (`INDEX_RATE_LIMIT`). Success 200/201: `MintDetail & { existing, indexed_from? }`. Failures: `bad_input`, `blocked_host`, `wrong_type`, `unverifiable`, `rate_limited`, etc.
+
+#### `GET /icons/:file`
+
+Static files, `Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400`.
+
+### 2.2 Gaps
+
+| Need | Exists? | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Full mint / federation / LNURL lists | **Yes** | `/api/mints?type=…` |
+| Per-mint stats (status, uptime, distribution, probes) | **Yes** | `/api/mints/:host` |
+| Review **bodies** / recent review text | **No HTTP endpoint** | Live only via Nostr (`reviews-client.ts`, `feed-client.ts`). API stores ratings for aggregates, not content for the UI. |
+| List payload with NUT chips / LNURL chips | **No** | List item has no `nuts`, no `rating_distribution`. Today: N+1 at **build**. Client-side N+1 per visitor would be wasteful. |
+| Global review feed JSON | **No** | `/reviews` talks to relays, not the API. |
+| Snapshot JSON in `dist` | **None** | No checked-in mint dump. Stale data **is** the prerendered HTML. |
+
+Discovery itself is not the list cap (`QUERY_LIMIT` 500 × `MAX_PAGES` 20). The visible cap is **whatever was in the DB when `astro build` ran**.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Option analysis
+
+### 3a. Client-side hydration (keep static build)
+
+Keep `output: 'static'`, `server.mjs`, nginx, and the timer. On `/mints` (and twins), fetch the live API after load and rebuild the grid — the same idea as Reviews / PulseTicker / MintLive.
+
+**What already exists to copy**
+
+- PulseTicker: prerender numbers, then `fetch(`${apiBase}/api/stats`)`.
+- `/reviews`: prerender ~30 cards, then `loadFeed()` replaces them.
+- MintLive: patch in place from `/api/mints/:host`.
+- `/mints` script already sorts/filters on `data-*` (`data-score`, `data-rating`, `data-reviews`, `data-last-review`, `data-status`, …). New cards only need those attributes.
+
+**There are no `client:load` islands to add.** Work is extra `<script>` in the list pages (or a shared module) plus an HTML builder for a card, because `MintCard.astro` cannot run in the browser.
+
+Concrete changes:
+
+| File | Change |
+|---|---|
+| `web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro` | After paint, `fetch('/api/mints?type=cashu')`, rebuild `[data-mint-grid]`, update `[data-result-count]`. Keep prerendered cards as noscript / first-paint fallback. |
+| `web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro` | Same, `?type=fedimint`. |
+| `web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro` | Same, `?type=lnurl`. |
+| `web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts` (**new**) | Browser HTML for one card, mirroring `MintCard.astro` (same pattern as `review-cards.ts`). |
+| `web/src/lib/api.ts` | Optional: a tiny browser `fetch` helper using `apiBase` from `client.ts` (build-time `API_URL` must **not** ship to the browser). |
+| `web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro` | Optional but needed for “immediately”: refresh top-6 grids from the same list endpoint; optionally reuse `/reviews`’s `loadFeed` for the carousel (today that strip is build-only). |
+| `web/src/components/MintCard.astro` | Untouched if the JS builder is a parallel renderer; or extract shared markup helpers. |
+
+**Chips:** either (i) leave prerendered chips stale, (ii) add `nuts` / chip flags to `MintListItem` + `toListItem()` in `api/src/queries.ts` (small, one-time API change), or (iii) N+1 detail fetches from every browser (do not do this).
+
+**New mint click path:** hydrated list → `/mint/{newhost}` → 404 HTML → NotFound resolver → live page. Already designed. No SSR required for that URL to work.
+
+**Dependencies:** none new (`nostr-tools` already in `web`). No adapter. No nginx / systemd change for the site server.
+
+**Config:** none if `PUBLIC_API_URL` stays empty.
+
+### 3b. Hybrid SSR (`@astrojs/node`, `prerender = false`)
+
+Astro 5 dropped `output: 'hybrid'`. Pattern: install an adapter, keep `output: 'static'`, set `export const prerender = false` on routes that must run per request.
+
+Concrete changes:
+
+| File / unit | Change |
+|---|---|
+| `web/package.json` | Add `@astrojs/node`. `start` would become something like `node dist/server/entry.mjs` instead of `node server.mjs`. |
+| `web/astro.config.mjs` | `import node from '@astrojs/node'`; `adapter: node({ mode: 'standalone' })`. `output` can stay `'static'`. |
+| `web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro` (and fedimints / lnurl-mints; maybe `index.astro`) | `export const prerender = false`. Drop `getStaticPaths` **or** keep it only if those routes stay static. SSR pages fetch `fetchMints()` **per request**. |
+| `web/server.mjs` | **Cannot stay as the only server.** Node adapter emits `dist/server/entry.mjs` plus `dist/client/` for assets. Locale 404s, ETag/cache policy, path jail, and “refuse empty root” all live in `server.mjs` today and would need reimplementation or a wrapper. |
+| `cashumints-site.service` | `ExecStart` → adapter entry; `WEB_ROOT` layout changes (`client/` vs flat dist). |
+| `cashumints-web.service` | `rsync` of `web/dist/` is wrong for `client/` + `server/`. Publish + restart model changes. A failed SSR process takes down **HTML**, not only islands. |
+| nginx | Still reverse-proxy; upstream may stay `:8789` if the adapter listens there. `proxy_read_timeout` 30s is fine for API-backed SSR. |
+
+SSR **does not** by itself refresh review **bodies** on the list (there are none). It **does** make list HTML match the API on every request, including for crawlers, and can emit real 200s for new `/mint/{host}` if that route is also `prerender = false` (today new hosts are **404** until rebuild).
+
+Per-request cost: `/mints` already does N+1 detail fetches for chips × 24 locales if you SSR all locales naively. Needs a cache or list-payload chips.
+
+### 3c. Caching layers
+
+**In-repo**
+
+| Layer | TTL | Affects |
+|---|---|---|
+| `getStats()` memo (`api/src/queries.ts`) | 60s | `/api/stats` |
+| Review / feed `SimplePool` caches in the tab | 5 min | detail reviews, `/reviews` |
+| Icons | 1 day (`max-age=86400`) | `/icons/*` |
+| `GET /api/mints`, `/api/stats`, `/api/mints/:host` | **no** `Cache-Control` from Hono (except health `no-store`) | nginx fills the gap |
+
+**nginx** (`README.md` sample; not in this repo)
+
+```nginx
+proxy_cache_path … keys_zone=cashumints:10m max_size=256m inactive=10m;
+
+location ~ ^/api/(mints|stats)(?:/|$|\?) {
+  proxy_cache cashumints;
+  proxy_cache_valid 200 30s;
+  proxy_cache_valid 404 10s;
+  proxy_cache_use_stale updating error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503;
+  proxy_cache_background_update on;
+  proxy_cache_lock on;
+}
+location /icons/ { proxy_cache …; proxy_cache_valid 200 1d; }
+location = /api/health { proxy_cache off; }
+```
+
+**HTML** from `server.mjs`: `Cache-Control: public, max-age=0, must-revalidate` + ETag. Browsers revalidate; they do not keep a 24h stale `/mints`.
+
+**Implications**
+
+- Client-side list fetch: **30s** nginx micro-cache is desirable (thundering herd). Not the 24h bug.
+- After `POST /api/index`, a new mint can be missing from `GET /api/mints` for up to 30s (404 cache 10s on unknown host). Acceptable; optional `Cache-Control: s-maxage=30` on the API to make it explicit.
+- SSR `/mints` would still sit behind that 30s API cache unless the SSR process talks to the API on loopback **bypassing nginx** (`API_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8788`), which the **build** already does. An SSR Node process on the same machine should keep using loopback, not `https://cashumints.space/api`.
+- No purge/invalidation API exists. Not needed for 30s TTL.
+
+**Rate limits:** only `POST /api/index`. `GET /api/mints` is unbounded. A list page per visitor is one small JSON payload (~tens of mints), not a risk.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Recommendation
+
+**Do 3a (client-side hydration of the list from `GET /api/mints`).** Least infrastructure change that fixes: full live mint list, live card stats, live review **counts** on the list.
+
+Do **not** move `/mints` to SSR for this goal. That replaces `server.mjs`, the publish path, and systemd, to solve a problem the API + existing island style already solve. Use SSR later only if you need **200 + HTML** for mint URLs that do not exist at build time (SEO for brand-new hosts). Those URLs already **work** for humans via the 404 resolver.
+
+### Why 3a is enough
+
+1. The API already returns the full cashu list with scores and review aggregates.
+2. Same-origin `/api` is already proxied; PulseTicker proves browser → API works in production.
+3. New mints already resolve on click (404 → `POST /api/index`). Hydrating the list is the missing half.
+4. Review **text** on `/mints` was never a list feature; card counts come from the API. Once the list refetches, counts match what MintLive/stats use (discovery-ingested). Bodies stay on the detail page via Nostr, as now.
+5. `/reviews` already has live bodies.
+
+### Effort
+
+**Small–medium, ~1–2 days** for `/mints` + fedimints + lnurl-mints + a shared card renderer. Another half day if the home top grids and “latest reviews” strip should match.
+
+Optional extra (half day): add chip fields to `GET /api/mints` so the client does not N+1.
+
+### Files that would be touched (3a)
+
+**Required for the list pages**
+
+- `web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro`
+- `web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro`
+- `web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro`
+- `web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts` (new; browser card HTML + `fetch` against `apiBase`)
+
+**Likely**
+
+- `web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro` (top-6 + “all N mints” count; otherwise home still lies)
+- `web/src/components/MintCard.astro` only if extracting shared helpers rather than duplicating markup
+
+**Optional API (chips)**
+
+- `shared/src/types.ts` (`MintListItem`)
+- `api/src/queries.ts` (`toListItem`)
+
+**Not required:** `astro.config.mjs`, `web/package.json` (unless you add a test), `web/server.mjs`, nginx, systemd units, `@astrojs/node`.
+
+### Risks
+
+| Risk | Severity | Mitigation |
+|---|---|---|
+| **SEO:** crawlers see the prerendered subset | Medium if you **replace** HTML with an empty grid. Low if you **keep** build-time cards and enhance. Google does not run the same JS as users. | Keep prerendered cards. Hydration only adds/updates. `ItemList` JSON-LD stays a snapshot; acceptable. |
+| **New mint URLs return HTTP 404** until rebuild | Low for UX (resolver fills in). Medium for SEO of a mint indexed today. | Out of scope for list freshness. SSR on `mint/[host].astro` is the fix if needed. |
+| **Nostr relay latency** | Does not apply to the **list** if you use the API. Applies to `/reviews` and detail panels already (8–9s timeout, bones, retry). | Do not query relays on `/mints`. |
+| **API rate limits** | None on GET. | — |
+| **CORS** | None while `PUBLIC_API_URL` is empty (same origin). Hono already sends CORS if the API is split later. | Do not bake `API_URL` (`127.0.0.1`) into browser code. |
+| **nginx 30s cache** | Cards can lag indexing by 30s | Fine. Loopback SSR would skip it; client fetch will not. |
+| **Card markup drift** | JS builder vs `MintCard.astro` | One HTML helper, or accept a short duplication like `review-cards.ts` vs the Astro card. |
+| **View transitions** | Cards use `data-vt-*` names applied on click | Preserve those attributes in the builder. |
+| **i18n** | Card strings must use `useI18n()` in the island, not build-time `t` | Same as Reviews / PulseTicker. |
+| **Home “latest reviews”** | Still nightly unless you reuse `loadFeed` | Separate follow-up; `/reviews` is already live. |
+
+### Suggested sequence (when implementing)
+
+1. Hydrate `/mints` from `GET /api/mints?type=cashu`; keep prerendered fallback.
+2. Repeat for `/fedimints` and `/lnurl-mints`.
+3. Hydrate the home top grids (and the “all N” link) from the same endpoints.
+4. Only if chips go stale in a way users notice: extend the list payload.
+5. Revisit SSR only for mint-detail **status codes** / OG / sitemap freshness — not for the list.
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 890b9ac..edd1164 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   "version": "2.0.0",
   "type": "module",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=22.18"
+    "node": ">=20.18"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "pnpm --parallel --filter ./api --filter ./web dev",
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "dev:web": "pnpm --filter ./web dev",
     "seed": "pnpm --filter ./api seed",
     "bones": "pnpm --filter ./web bones",
-    "build": "pnpm --filter ./shared build && pnpm --filter ./web build",
+    "build": "pnpm --filter ./shared build && pnpm --filter ./api build && pnpm --filter ./web build",
     "start": "pnpm --filter ./web start",
     "check:links": "pnpm --filter ./web check:links",
     "typecheck": "pnpm -r typecheck",
diff --git a/shared/src/types.ts b/shared/src/types.ts
index 4177c24..9aaaa66 100644
--- a/shared/src/types.ts
+++ b/shared/src/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 /** Shapes returned by the API. The web app builds against these. */
 
+import type { MintCapabilities } from './warnings.js';
+
 /**
  * Statuses a listed thing can be in.
  *
@@ -35,6 +37,40 @@ export interface MintListItem {
   score: number;
   last_review_at: number | null;
   version: string | null;
+
+  /* ---- card chips ----
+   *
+   * The three fields below exist so a card can be drawn from the list payload alone.
+   * Before them, /mints fetched `GET /api/mints/:host` once per mint at build time just
+   * to read two booleans off each one, which is fine for fifty-five mints on one build
+   * machine and is not fine for every visitor's browser once the list hydrates. They are
+   * facts, never rendered strings: the label a chip prints is decided by `mintChip` in
+   * the reader's own language, on whichever side is drawing the card.
+   *
+   * A federation has no counterpart and needs none — it publishes no capability list, so
+   * `mintChip` returns null for one and always will. See the Fedimint branch of
+   * `getMintWarnings`.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * NUT numbers this mint publishes, as strings: `["4", "5", "17"]`. Cashu only; empty
+   * for the other ecosystems and for a mint whose `/v1/info` has never been read.
+   */
+  nuts: string[];
+  /**
+   * NUT-04 and NUT-05 switches, the Cashu chip's only input. null means nothing is
+   * cached for this mint, which is a different fact from "both are on" — see
+   * `readCapabilities`.
+   */
+  capabilities: MintCapabilities | null;
+  /**
+   * LNURL: the advertised withdraw ceiling, millisatoshi. Optional rather than
+   * `| null`, so this stays exactly what `Partial<LnurlFields>` declares on `MintDetail`
+   * and the two do not have to be kept identical by hand.
+   */
+  max_withdrawable_msat?: number | null;
+  /** LNURL: whether the last probe reached the mint's funding node. */
+  funding_available?: boolean | null;
 }
 
 export interface ProbeSample {
@@ -236,6 +272,29 @@ export interface Stats {
   lnurl_reviews: number;
 }
 
+/**
+ * How one configured relay answered during the last discovery cycle.
+ *
+ * The three facts are deliberately separate, because the failure this exists to catch
+ * had all three looking different from each other: the relays in `RELAYS` connected
+ * fine, reached EOSE fine, and simply did not carry the archive, so `events` was the
+ * only field that would have said anything. A relay that is down and a relay that is
+ * up and empty are different problems with different fixes.
+ */
+export interface RelayHealth {
+  url: string;
+  /** A socket was opened to it. false means the address is wrong or the relay is down. */
+  connected: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Events it sent, counted before cross-relay deduplication — so this is what *this*
+   * relay contributed, not what was new because of it. Zero on a connected relay is
+   * the interesting number.
+   */
+  events: number;
+  /** Every query it was asked ended in a real EOSE rather than in a timeout. */
+  eose: boolean;
+}
+
 /** `GET /api/health`. */
 export interface Health {
   status: 'ok' | 'degraded';
@@ -244,6 +303,26 @@ export interface Health {
   last_discovery_at: number | null;
   mints_tracked: number;
   updated_at: number;
+  /**
+   * Per-relay outcome of the last discovery cycle. Empty until one has run — including
+   * on a fresh database, which is why a brand new deployment reports degraded until its
+   * first backfill finishes.
+   */
+  discovery_relays: RelayHealth[];
+  /** Unique events the last discovery cycle received. null before the first one. */
+  last_discovery_events: number | null;
+  /** Which kind of cycle those numbers describe. */
+  last_discovery_mode: 'backfill' | 'incremental' | null;
+  /**
+   * The last backfill came back under `backfill_min_events`, or none has run yet.
+   *
+   * This is the flag that would have caught a year of ~31-event backfills against a
+   * relay list missing the archive. It forces `status` to degraded, and /api/health to
+   * 503, which is what the build gate and the site's own health checks read.
+   */
+  discovery_starved: boolean;
+  /** `BACKFILL_MIN_EVENTS`, echoed so a reader of this payload can see the threshold. */
+  backfill_min_events: number;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/web/scripts/check-i18n.mjs b/web/scripts/check-i18n.mjs
index c4700ab..a8850bc 100644
--- a/web/scripts/check-i18n.mjs
+++ b/web/scripts/check-i18n.mjs
@@ -268,6 +268,20 @@ for (const file of files) {
   // A .ts file under lib/ or scripts/ is island code wholesale.
   const shipsToBrowser = /\/(lib|scripts)\//.test(relative) && relative.endsWith('.ts');
 
+  /*
+   * A page can inline one extra namespace for its own islands, through Base.astro's
+   * `clientNamespaces` prop. The home page does: its grids hydrate from the API and
+   * rewrite their own "All 56 mints" links, whose strings live under `home.` — a
+   * namespace not worth inlining on 1,300 mint pages that never read it.
+   *
+   * Read out of the page rather than listed here, so the prop and this check cannot
+   * disagree. A namespace a page does not actually pass is still a leak.
+   */
+  const extraNamespaces = new Set(
+    [...(/clientNamespaces=\{\[([^\]]*)\]\}/.exec(source)?.[1] ?? '').matchAll(/'([\w-]+)'/g)]
+      .map((m) => m[1]),
+  );
+
   for (const match of source.matchAll(T_CALL)) {
     const key = match[2];
     used.add(key);
@@ -280,7 +294,7 @@ for (const file of files) {
   for (const match of clientSource.matchAll(T_CALL)) {
     const key = match[2];
     const namespace = key.split('.')[0];
-    if (!clientNamespaces.has(namespace)) {
+    if (!clientNamespaces.has(namespace) && !extraNamespaces.has(namespace)) {
       clientLeaks.push({ key, file: relative, namespace });
     }
   }
diff --git a/web/src/i18n/index.ts b/web/src/i18n/index.ts
index e710a94..584ec02 100644
--- a/web/src/i18n/index.ts
+++ b/web/src/i18n/index.ts
@@ -121,13 +121,22 @@ export function missingKeys(): Record<string, string[]> {
  * key that survives is resolved: a key this locale is missing arrives already filled
  * with the English string, so the browser needs no fallback catalog and ships exactly
  * one language.
+ *
+ * `extra` is for a namespace exactly one page's islands need. The home page's grids
+ * hydrate and have to rewrite their own "All 56 mints →" links, which live under
+ * `home.` — a namespace worth about 2KB that every other page, including 1,300 mint
+ * pages, has no use for. Passed per page through `Base.astro`'s `clientNamespaces`
+ * prop, it is inlined where it is read and nowhere else. `check-i18n.mjs` does not know
+ * about this, so a key reached this way must still be in a namespace the checker
+ * accepts, or listed in `CLIENT_NAMESPACES` — see the note there.
  */
-export function clientCatalog(locale: Locale): Catalog {
+export function clientCatalog(locale: Locale, extra: readonly string[] = []): Catalog {
   const catalog = catalogFor(locale);
+  const allowed = new Set<string>([...CLIENT_NAMESPACES, ...extra]);
   const out: Catalog = {};
   for (const key of Object.keys(BASE_CATALOG)) {
     const namespace = key.split('.')[0] ?? '';
-    if (!(CLIENT_NAMESPACES as readonly string[]).includes(namespace)) continue;
+    if (!allowed.has(namespace)) continue;
     out[key] = catalog[key] ?? BASE_CATALOG[key]!;
   }
   return out;
diff --git a/web/src/layouts/Base.astro b/web/src/layouts/Base.astro
index d166e64..bda7e5c 100644
--- a/web/src/layouts/Base.astro
+++ b/web/src/layouts/Base.astro
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ interface Props {
   description: string;
   current?: 'mints' | 'fedimints' | 'lnurl-mints' | 'reviews' | 'wallets' | 'about';
   mintCount?: number;
+  /**
+   * Catalog namespaces this page's islands need on top of `CLIENT_NAMESPACES`.
+   *
+   * The home page passes `['home']`: its three grids refresh from the API and rewrite
+   * their own "All 56 mints →" links, so those strings have to reach the browser. They
+   * are inlined on the one page that reads them rather than on all 1,300.
+   */
+  clientNamespaces?: readonly string[];
   ogType?: string;
   /**
    * A real page that should not be in the index.
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ interface Props {
 const {
   title, description, current, mintCount, ogType = 'website',
   noindex = false, offGraph = false, schema = [], image = OG_IMAGE,
-  imageAlt,
+  imageAlt, clientNamespaces = [],
 } = Astro.props;
 
 /*
@@ -118,7 +126,7 @@ const ogAlternates = LOCALES.filter((l) => l.code !== locale).map((l) => l.og);
  * travels in the HTML the page was sending anyway, costs no extra request, and is on
  * screen before the first island has finished downloading.
  */
-const i18nPayload = JSON.stringify({ locale, catalog: clientCatalog(locale) }).replace(/</g, '\\u003c');
+const i18nPayload = JSON.stringify({ locale, catalog: clientCatalog(locale, clientNamespaces) }).replace(/</g, '\\u003c');
 
 /**
  * The social card, absolute.
diff --git a/web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts b/web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed85af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/mint-cards.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+/**
+ * The mint card, as HTML strings, and the hydration that puts them on a page.
+ *
+ * `MintCard.astro` renders the same card at build time and cannot run in the browser, so
+ * this is its parallel renderer — the same relationship `review-cards.ts` has with the
+ * reviews panel. The two must agree on every class name and every `data-*` attribute,
+ * because the sort, the filter, the rank chips and the shared-element view transitions
+ * on the three index pages all read the DOM rather than any model:
+ *
+ *   data-mint-card                    what the sort collects and the transition arms
+ *   data-name / data-domain           what the search box matches
+ *   data-status                       "hide offline", and the online/offline counts
+ *   data-score / -rating / -reviews   the sort keys
+ *   data-last-review / -last-online   the other two sort keys
+ *   data-vt-icon / data-vt-name       shared-element names, applied on click
+ *
+ * Why this exists at all: /mints was a snapshot of whatever the API held when `astro
+ * build` ran, and stayed that until the next build. A mint indexed at noon was reviewable
+ * immediately — the 404 resolver saw to that — and simply had no card until the nightly
+ * rebuild. The list now refetches after paint. The prerendered cards stay exactly as they
+ * were: they are the first paint, they are what a crawler and a reader with no JavaScript
+ * get, and this only ever replaces them with something newer.
+ *
+ * Nothing here talks to a relay. Card counts come from the API's ingested aggregates,
+ * which is what they always were; review *bodies* remain a detail-page and /reviews
+ * concern. See docs/dynamic-mint-data.md.
+ *
+ * Everything interpolated goes through `escapeHtml`. A mint's name comes from its own
+ * `/v1/info` — a string an operator controls — and this builds markup with strings.
+ */
+import {
+  baseUrlFromKey,
+  federationIdFromSlug,
+  getMintWarnings,
+  mintChip,
+  type MintListItem,
+} from '@cashumints/shared';
+import { apiBase, escapeHtml, iconGradient } from './client';
+import { targetPath } from './feed-resolve';
+import { displayDomain, initials, transitionName } from './format';
+import { localePath, splitLocale } from '../i18n/routing';
+import type { Locale } from '../i18n/config';
+import { useI18n } from '../i18n/client';
+import { formatters, starString, type Formatters } from '../i18n/format';
+import { chipStrings, statusLabel, warningOptions } from '../i18n/mint';
+import { initReveal } from '../scripts/reveal';
+
+export interface CardOptions {
+  /** 1-based position in the default order. Omitted, the card has no rank chip. */
+  rank?: number;
+  /** Entrance delay in ms, for a grid of known size that arrives as one gesture. */
+  revealDelay?: number;
+  /**
+   * Render already revealed, with no entrance.
+   *
+   * Set for a card replacing one the reader is already looking at. `[data-reveal]` is
+   * `opacity: 0` until `.in` lands, so without this a hydration would fade the whole
+   * visible grid back in a second after load — an animation that says "something
+   * changed" about forty cards where at most one did.
+   */
+  revealed?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One card's markup.
+ *
+ * `f` carries both the translator and the locale's number and date formatting, and
+ * `locale` is what prefixes the href. Both are passed in rather than read here, because
+ * a grid renders dozens of these and rebuilding the formatter per card would be the
+ * expensive part of the whole hydration.
+ */
+export function mintCardHtml(
+  mint: MintListItem,
+  locale: Locale,
+  f: Formatters,
+  options: CardOptions = {},
+): string {
+  const t = f.t;
+  const { rank, revealDelay, revealed } = options;
+
+  /*
+   * One card, all three ecosystems — the same reasoning as MintCard.astro.
+   *
+   * A federation has no URL, so its second line is a shortened federation id rather than
+   * `fedimint:aeca6c…`, which is a database key. An LNURL mint's row key carries an
+   * `lnurl:` scheme in front of its URL, so the domain comes out of the key.
+   */
+  const fedimint = mint.type === 'fedimint';
+  const lnurlBase = baseUrlFromKey(mint.url);
+  const domain = fedimint
+    ? federationIdFromSlug(mint.host)
+    : displayDomain(lnurlBase ?? mint.url);
+  const name = fedimint
+    ? mint.name ?? t('card.unnamedFederation')
+    : mint.name ?? domain.split('/')[0] ?? domain;
+
+  // Never `API_URL`: that is a build-machine address and a visitor's browser cannot
+  // reach it. `apiBase` is PUBLIC_API_URL, empty in production, which resolves /icons
+  // against whatever origin is serving the page.
+  const icon = mint.icon ? `${apiBase}${mint.icon}` : null;
+  const offline = mint.status === 'offline';
+  const announced = mint.status === 'announced';
+  const href = localePath(targetPath(mint), locale);
+
+  /*
+   * The chip, from facts the list payload now carries.
+   *
+   * It used to take one `GET /api/mints/:host` per mint to read these — fine for a build
+   * machine rendering the grid once a night, ruinous as an N+1 in every visitor's
+   * browser. `capabilities` and the two LNURL fields were added to `MintListItem` for
+   * exactly this. A federation has no chip and never will: `mintChip` returns null for
+   * one, because a federation publishes no capability list to draw a claim from.
+   */
+  const chipSource =
+    mint.capabilities || mint.max_withdrawable_msat !== undefined || mint.funding_available !== undefined
+      ? {
+          type: mint.type,
+          status: mint.status,
+          last_online: mint.last_online,
+          capabilities: mint.capabilities ?? null,
+          max_withdrawable_msat: mint.max_withdrawable_msat ?? null,
+          funding_available: mint.funding_available ?? null,
+        }
+      : null;
+  const chip = chipSource
+    ? mintChip(getMintWarnings(chipSource, warningOptions(f)), chipStrings(t))
+    : null;
+
+  // Falls back to the rating split when there is no distribution, exactly as the build
+  // does for /mints: a 4.6 average is roughly 92% positive, which is what the bar says.
+  const pos =
+    mint.rating_avg === null ? 0 : Math.round(((mint.rating_avg - 1) / 4) * 100);
+  const neg = mint.rating_avg === null ? 0 : 100 - pos;
+
+  const vtIcon = escapeHtml(transitionName('icon', mint.host));
+  const vtName = escapeHtml(transitionName('name', mint.host));
+
+  const iconHtml = icon
+    ? `<img class="mc-icon" src="${escapeHtml(icon)}" alt="" width="42" height="42" ` +
+      `loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-vt-icon="${vtIcon}">`
+    : `<span class="mc-icon" style="background:${escapeHtml(iconGradient(domain))}" ` +
+      `aria-hidden="true" data-vt-icon="${vtIcon}">${escapeHtml(initials(name))}</span>`;
+
+  const statsHtml =
+    mint.rating_avg === null
+      ? `<span class="mc-none">${escapeHtml(t('card.noRatings'))}</span>`
+      : `<span class="mc-rating">` +
+        `<span class="mc-score">${escapeHtml(f.decimal(mint.rating_avg))}</span>` +
+        `<span class="mc-stars" aria-hidden="true">${starString(mint.rating_avg)}</span>` +
+        `</span>`;
+
+  /*
+   * "Announced" has no "last seen" to print, and printing one anyway is exactly the fake
+   * status this site refuses to show. What it has instead is the fact that nothing has
+   * checked it, said in as many words.
+   */
+  const last = announced
+    ? t('card.notChecked')
+    : offline
+      ? mint.last_online
+        ? t('card.lastSeen', { when: f.relative(mint.last_online) })
+        : t('card.neverSeen')
+      : mint.last_review_at
+        ? t('card.reviewed', { when: f.relative(mint.last_review_at) })
+        : t('card.noReviews');
+
+  const classes = ['mint-card'];
+  if (offline) classes.push('is-offline');
+  if (revealed) classes.push('in');
+
+  return (
+    `<a class="${classes.join(' ')}" href="${escapeHtml(href)}" data-reveal` +
+    (revealDelay === undefined ? '' : ` data-reveal-delay="${revealDelay}"`) +
+    ` data-mint-card` +
+    ` data-name="${escapeHtml(name.toLowerCase())}"` +
+    ` data-domain="${escapeHtml(domain.toLowerCase())}"` +
+    ` data-status="${escapeHtml(mint.status)}"` +
+    ` data-score="${mint.score}"` +
+    ` data-rating="${mint.rating_avg ?? 0}"` +
+    ` data-reviews="${mint.review_count}"` +
+    ` data-last-review="${mint.last_review_at ?? 0}"` +
+    ` data-last-online="${mint.last_online ?? 0}">` +
+    `<div class="mc-top">` +
+    iconHtml +
+    `<span class="mc-id">` +
+    `<span class="mc-name" data-vt-name="${vtName}">${escapeHtml(name)}</span>` +
+    `<span class="mc-domain${fedimint ? ' mono' : ''}">${escapeHtml(domain)}</span>` +
+    `</span>` +
+    (rank === undefined
+      ? ''
+      : `<span class="mc-rank${rank === 1 ? ' gold' : ''}">#${rank}</span>`) +
+    `</div>` +
+    `<div class="mc-stats">` +
+    statsHtml +
+    `<span class="mc-reviews">${escapeHtml(t('card.reviews', { n: mint.review_count }))}</span>` +
+    `</div>` +
+    `<div class="mc-bar" aria-hidden="true"><span class="mc-bar-fill">` +
+    (pos > 0 ? `<span class="pos" style="width:${pos}%"></span>` : '') +
+    (neg > 0 ? `<span class="neg" style="width:${neg}%"></span>` : '') +
+    `</span></div>` +
+    `<div class="mc-foot">` +
+    `<span class="mc-dot ${escapeHtml(mint.status)}"></span>` +
+    `<span class="mc-status">${escapeHtml(statusLabel(mint.status, t))}</span>` +
+    (chip ? `<span class="mc-chip ${escapeHtml(chip.severity)}">${escapeHtml(chip.label)}</span>` : '') +
+    `<span class="last">${escapeHtml(last)}</span>` +
+    `</div>` +
+    `</a>`
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * One ecosystem's full listing, or null.
+ *
+ * Null on anything at all going wrong, and the caller's job is then to do nothing: the
+ * prerendered grid is already on screen and correct as of the last build, so a failed
+ * refresh should be invisible rather than an error message about a list the reader can
+ * see. This is the same rule the reviews panel and the pulse ticker follow.
+ */
+export async function fetchListing(type: string): Promise<MintListItem[] | null> {
+  try {
+    const res = await fetch(`${apiBase}/api/mints?type=${encodeURIComponent(type)}`, {
+      headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
+    });
+    if (!res.ok) return null;
+    const items = (await res.json()) as MintListItem[];
+    // A well-formed empty answer is still not a reason to empty a grid that has cards in
+    // it. An API serving nothing is the failure the build gate exists to catch, and a
+    // page that renders it as "no mints" would be this bug wearing a different hat.
+    return Array.isArray(items) && items.length > 0 ? items : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace a grid's cards with freshly rendered ones.
+ *
+ * Cards whose host was already on screen and revealed are rendered revealed, so the
+ * common case — the list is the same list, with newer numbers — is a silent swap rather
+ * than forty cards fading in again. Genuinely new hosts get the ordinary entrance from
+ * `initReveal`, which is also what reveals anything below the fold on scroll.
+ *
+ * Returns the new card elements, in DOM order, for the caller to re-apply its sort and
+ * filter to.
+ */
+export function renderMintGrid(
+  grid: HTMLElement,
+  items: MintListItem[],
+  options: { ranked?: boolean; revealDelayStep?: number } = {},
+): HTMLElement[] {
+  const { ranked = true, revealDelayStep } = options;
+  const t = useI18n();
+  const f = formatters(t);
+  const { locale } = splitLocale(window.location.pathname);
+
+  // Which hosts the reader can already see. Keyed by host rather than by index: the list
+  // may have grown, shrunk or reordered, and the question is per mint.
+  const revealed = new Set<string>();
+  for (const card of grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLAnchorElement>('[data-mint-card]')) {
+    if (card.classList.contains('in')) {
+      const host = card.getAttribute('href')?.split('/').pop();
+      if (host) revealed.add(decodeURIComponent(host));
+    }
+  }
+
+  grid.innerHTML = items
+    .map((mint, i) =>
+      mintCardHtml(mint, locale, f, {
+        ...(ranked ? { rank: i + 1 } : {}),
+        ...(revealDelayStep === undefined ? {} : { revealDelay: i * revealDelayStep }),
+        revealed: revealed.has(mint.host),
+      }),
+    )
+    .join('');
+
+  initReveal(grid);
+  return [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
+}
+
+export interface HydrateOptions {
+  /** `cashu`, `fedimint` or `lnurl`. */
+  type: string;
+  /** The grid to rebuild. */
+  grid: HTMLElement;
+  /** Keep only the first N, for the home page's top-six strips. */
+  limit?: number;
+  ranked?: boolean;
+  revealDelayStep?: number;
+  /** Called with the new cards and the payload they were built from, on success only. */
+  onReplaced?: (cards: HTMLElement[], items: MintListItem[]) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetch one ecosystem and rebuild its grid, after paint.
+ *
+ * Deliberately silent on failure — see `fetchListing`. Deliberately unconditional on
+ * success: the API is the newer of the two by construction, since the prerendered grid
+ * is a copy of what this same endpoint said at build time.
+ */
+export async function hydrateMintGrid(options: HydrateOptions): Promise<void> {
+  const { type, grid, limit, ranked, revealDelayStep, onReplaced } = options;
+
+  const all = await fetchListing(type);
+  if (!all) return;
+  const items = limit === undefined ? all : all.slice(0, limit);
+
+  const cards = renderMintGrid(grid, items, {
+    ...(ranked === undefined ? {} : { ranked }),
+    ...(revealDelayStep === undefined ? {} : { revealDelayStep }),
+  });
+  onReplaced?.(cards, all);
+}
diff --git a/web/src/lib/skeleton-fixtures.ts b/web/src/lib/skeleton-fixtures.ts
index ac1e0ad..2d82b59 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/skeleton-fixtures.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/skeleton-fixtures.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ export const FIXTURE_MINT: MintDetail = {
   pubkey: '0296d0aa13b6a31cf0cd974249f4c6ed579061a4705ab9a4c1b6b1e1e4d7f6f9',
   info: null,
   nuts: ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12'],
+  // Both NUTs published and neither switched off, so this fixture draws no card chip —
+  // which is what a representative healthy mint should look like.
+  capabilities: { mintDisabled: false, meltDisabled: false, mintPublished: true, meltPublished: true },
   first_seen: daysAgo(420),
   last_probe: daysAgo(0),
   updated_at: daysAgo(0),
diff --git a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro
index a2107f0..4ce105b 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro
+++ b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/fedimints.astro
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ const schema = [
 
 <script>
   import { wireCopyableIds } from '../../lib/client';
+  import { hydrateMintGrid } from '../../lib/mint-cards';
   import { useI18n } from '../../i18n/client';
   import { enterStagger, onLeave, prefersReducedMotion, onReady, swapText } from '../../scripts/reveal';
 
@@ -267,7 +268,15 @@ const schema = [
   const clearSearch = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-clear-search]');
 
   if (grid && searchInput && sortSelect && hideOffline) {
-    const cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
+    /*
+     * Re-readable, not captured once.
+     *
+     * The grid is rebuilt from the live API a moment after paint (see the bottom of this
+     * block), so a `const cards` snapshot taken at setup would leave every control
+     * sorting and filtering elements that are no longer in the document — the search box
+     * would appear to do nothing at all.
+     */
+    let cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
     const num = (card: HTMLElement, key: string) => Number(card.dataset[key] ?? 0);
     const offlineRank = (card: HTMLElement) => (card.dataset['status'] === 'offline' ? 1 : 0);
 
@@ -415,6 +424,37 @@ const schema = [
     if (sort && sort in SORTS) sortSelect.value = sort;
     if (q || sort) apply();
 
+    /*
+     * The live list, one fetch after paint.
+     *
+     * Everything above this line operates on the prerendered grid, which is a copy of
+     * what this same endpoint returned when `astro build` ran. That copy is the first
+     * paint, it is what a crawler indexes, and it is the whole page for a reader with no
+     * JavaScript — so it stays, and this only ever replaces it with something newer.
+     * A mint indexed since the last build gets its card here; every card's rating,
+     * review count and status arrive current rather than as of 03:30.
+     *
+     * `requestAnimationFrame` so the fetch is not competing with the first paint it is
+     * improving. Failure is silent by design: `hydrateMintGrid` does nothing at all
+     * unless it has a non-empty list in hand, and a correct-as-of-last-build grid is a
+     * far better answer to a flaky network than an error about a list already on screen.
+     *
+     * `apply()` afterwards re-applies whatever the reader had already set — a search
+     * they typed, a sort they picked, "hide offline" — against the new cards, so the
+     * refresh cannot undo an interaction that happened before it landed.
+     */
+    const hydrate = (): void => {
+      void hydrateMintGrid({
+        type: 'fedimint',
+        grid: grid!,
+        onReplaced: (fresh) => {
+          cards = fresh;
+          apply();
+        },
+      });
+    };
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => hydrate());
+
     onLeave(() => {
       for (const timer of leaving.values()) window.clearTimeout(timer);
       leaving.clear();
diff --git a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro
index c5614b2..fdc337e 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro
+++ b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/index.astro
@@ -100,7 +100,18 @@ const signedBody = t('home.why.signed.body', {
 });
 ---
 
-<Base title={t('home.title')} description={description} current="mints">
+{/*
+  `clientNamespaces` inlines the `home.` catalog on this page and no other. The three
+  grids below refresh from the API after paint and rewrite their own "All 56 mints →"
+  links, so those strings have to reach the browser; 1,300 mint pages have no use for
+  them. See `clientCatalog` in src/i18n/index.ts.
+*/}
+<Base
+  title={t('home.title')}
+  description={description}
+  current="mints"
+  clientNamespaces={['home']}
+>
   {/*
     The hero sits on an animated colour field: ColorBends from React Bits, ported to
     plain WebGL in scripts/color-bends.ts. The wrapper is what the field fills, and it
@@ -180,9 +191,11 @@ const signedBody = t('home.why.signed.body', {
     <div class="sec-head" data-reveal>
       <h2 class="sec-title" id="top-mints">{t('home.top.title')}</h2>
       <span class="sec-sub">{t('home.top.sub')}</span>
-      <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/mints', locale)}>{t('home.top.all', { n: mints.length })}</a>
+      <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/mints', locale)} data-all-link="cashu">
+        {t('home.top.all', { n: mints.length })}
+      </a>
     </div>
-    <div class="mint-grid">
+    <div class="mint-grid" data-home-grid="cashu">
       {top.map((mint, i) => (
         <MintCard mint={mint} rank={i + 1} sentiment={sentiments[i]} capabilities={capabilities[i]} revealDelay={i * 50} />
       ))}
@@ -200,11 +213,11 @@ const signedBody = t('home.why.signed.body', {
         <div class="sec-head" data-reveal>
           <h2 class="sec-title" id="top-fedimints">{t('home.topFedimints.title')}</h2>
           <span class="sec-sub">{t('home.topFedimints.sub')}</span>
-          <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/fedimints', locale)}>
+          <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/fedimints', locale)} data-all-link="fedimint">
             {t('home.topFedimints.all', { n: federations.length })}
           </a>
         </div>
-        <div class="mint-grid">
+        <div class="mint-grid" data-home-grid="fedimint">
           {topFederations.map((federation, i) => (
             <MintCard mint={federation} rank={i + 1} sentiment={fediSentiments[i]} revealDelay={i * 50} />
           ))}
@@ -225,11 +238,11 @@ const signedBody = t('home.why.signed.body', {
         <div class="sec-head" data-reveal>
           <h2 class="sec-title" id="top-lnurl">{t('home.topLnurl.title')}</h2>
           <span class="sec-sub">{t('home.topLnurl.sub')}</span>
-          <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/lnurl-mints', locale)}>
+          <a class="sec-link" href={localePath('/lnurl-mints', locale)} data-all-link="lnurl">
             {t('home.topLnurl.all', { n: stats.lnurl_total })}
           </a>
         </div>
-        <div class="mint-grid">
+        <div class="mint-grid" data-home-grid="lnurl">
           {topLnurl.map((mint, i) => (
             <MintCard
               mint={mint}
@@ -615,14 +628,67 @@ const signedBody = t('home.why.signed.body', {
 </style>
 
 <script>
-  import { onLeave, onReady, prefersReducedMotion, scrollBehavior } from '../../scripts/reveal';
+  import { hydrateMintGrid } from '../../lib/mint-cards';
+  import { useI18n } from '../../i18n/client';
+  import { onLeave, onReady, prefersReducedMotion, scrollBehavior, swapText } from '../../scripts/reveal';
 
   /** One card every six seconds, until the reader touches the track. */
   const AUTO_MS = 6000;
   /** Matches the track's CSS gap. */
   const GAP = 16;
 
+  /**
+   * The three top-six strips, and the "All N" link over each of them.
+   *
+   * The home page prerenders six cards per ecosystem and a count beside them, from the
+   * same API the index pages read. Between builds the strips went stale in two ways at
+   * once: a new mint could not appear in the top six however good it was, and the count
+   * beside the link said how many mints existed at 03:30. Both are one fetch away.
+   *
+   * The key is the catalog string for that link, which is why this page inlines the
+   * `home.` namespace (see `clientNamespaces` on Base above). `t()` formats the number
+   * for the locale, so "All 1,247 mints" and "All 1.247 mints" both come out right.
+   *
+   * Sentiment bars are the one thing hydration cannot improve here: the prerendered
+   * cards get real rating distributions from a per-mint detail fetch at build time, and
+   * the list payload has no distribution in it. A refreshed card falls back to the
+   * rating proxy the index pages have always used — a 4.6 average reads as 92% positive
+   * — which is a slightly coarser bar on a card whose numbers are otherwise newer.
+   */
+  const STRIPS = [
+    { type: 'cashu', key: 'home.top.all' },
+    { type: 'fedimint', key: 'home.topFedimints.all' },
+    { type: 'lnurl', key: 'home.topLnurl.all' },
+  ] as const;
+
+  const hydrateStrips = (): void => {
+    const t = useI18n();
+
+    for (const strip of STRIPS) {
+      const grid = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-home-grid="${strip.type}"]`);
+      // A section with nothing in it is not rendered at all, and a strip that was empty
+      // at build time stays empty until the next one: there is no heading to hang cards
+      // under. Rare, and not worth building a section in JavaScript for.
+      if (!grid) continue;
+
+      void hydrateMintGrid({
+        type: strip.type,
+        grid,
+        limit: 6,
+        // The reveal delay the build gives these six, so a refreshed strip arrives the
+        // same way the prerendered one did.
+        revealDelayStep: 50,
+        onReplaced: (_cards, all) => {
+          const link = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-all-link="${strip.type}"]`);
+          if (link) swapText(link, t(strip.key, { n: all.length }));
+        },
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
   const setup = (): void => {
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => hydrateStrips());
+
     // No track at all means the relays gave the build nothing, and the section is
     // showing its empty state instead.
     const found = {
diff --git a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro
index 08c31a6..18c3e23 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro
+++ b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/lnurl-mints.astro
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 import Base from '../../layouts/Base.astro';
 import MintCard from '../../components/MintCard.astro';
 import ReviewByUrl from '../../components/ReviewByUrl.astro';
-import type { LnurlDetail } from '@cashumints/shared';
-import { fetchLnurlMint, fetchLnurlMints } from '../../lib/api';
+import { fetchLnurlMints } from '../../lib/api';
 import { localePath, useI18n, type Locale } from '../../i18n';
 import { itemListNode } from '../../lib/schema';
 import { isIndexableMint } from '../../lib/seo';
@@ -32,25 +31,17 @@ const { locale } = Astro.props;
 // `t` formats the numbers inside its own strings, so no separate formatter is needed.
 const t = useI18n(locale);
 
-const mints = await fetchLnurlMints();
-
 /*
-  The list payload carries no LNURL fields, so the "no withdrawals" and "no mint / melt"
-  chips need each mint's detail. One fetch per mint, at build time, against the API on
-  the same machine — exactly what /mints does for its NUT switches. A mint whose detail
-  cannot be read simply gets no chip.
+  One request, no N+1.
+
+  This used to be `fetchLnurlMints()` followed by one `fetchLnurlMint(host)` per mint,
+  purely to read the two probed facts behind the "no withdrawals" and "no mint / melt"
+  chips: an advertised withdraw ceiling of zero, and an unreachable Lightning node.
+  `MintListItem` carries both now, exactly as it carries the Cashu NUT switches, so the
+  chips come off the same payload as everything else — which is what makes the hydration
+  below possible without an N+1 in every visitor's browser.
 */
-const details = await Promise.all(
-  mints.map((mint) => fetchLnurlMint(mint.host).catch(() => null)),
-);
-const chipSources = details.map((detail: LnurlDetail | null) =>
-  detail
-    ? {
-        max_withdrawable_msat: detail.max_withdrawable_msat ?? null,
-        funding_available: detail.funding_available ?? null,
-      }
-    : null,
-);
+const mints = await fetchLnurlMints();
 
 const online = mints.filter((m) => m.status === 'online').length;
 const offline = mints.filter((m) => m.status === 'offline').length;
@@ -152,7 +143,16 @@ const schema = [
     </p>
 
     <div class="mint-grid" data-mint-grid>
-      {mints.map((mint, i) => <MintCard mint={mint} rank={i + 1} lnurl={chipSources[i]} />)}
+      {mints.map((mint, i) => (
+        <MintCard
+          mint={mint}
+          rank={i + 1}
+          lnurl={{
+            max_withdrawable_msat: mint.max_withdrawable_msat ?? null,
+            funding_available: mint.funding_available ?? null,
+          }}
+        />
+      ))}
     </div>
 
     <p class="no-results" data-no-results hidden>
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ const schema = [
 
 <script>
   import { wireCopyableIds } from '../../lib/client';
+  import { hydrateMintGrid } from '../../lib/mint-cards';
   import { useI18n } from '../../i18n/client';
   import { enterStagger, onLeave, prefersReducedMotion, onReady, swapText } from '../../scripts/reveal';
 
@@ -280,7 +281,15 @@ const schema = [
   const clearSearch = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-clear-search]');
 
   if (grid && searchInput && sortSelect && hideOffline) {
-    const cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
+    /*
+     * Re-readable, not captured once.
+     *
+     * The grid is rebuilt from the live API a moment after paint (see the bottom of this
+     * block), so a `const cards` snapshot taken at setup would leave every control
+     * sorting and filtering elements that are no longer in the document — the search box
+     * would appear to do nothing at all.
+     */
+    let cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
     const num = (card: HTMLElement, key: string) => Number(card.dataset[key] ?? 0);
     const offlineRank = (card: HTMLElement) => (card.dataset['status'] === 'offline' ? 1 : 0);
 
@@ -431,6 +440,37 @@ const schema = [
     if (sort && sort in SORTS) sortSelect.value = sort;
     if (q || sort) apply();
 
+    /*
+     * The live list, one fetch after paint.
+     *
+     * Everything above this line operates on the prerendered grid, which is a copy of
+     * what this same endpoint returned when `astro build` ran. That copy is the first
+     * paint, it is what a crawler indexes, and it is the whole page for a reader with no
+     * JavaScript — so it stays, and this only ever replaces it with something newer.
+     * A mint indexed since the last build gets its card here; every card's rating,
+     * review count and status arrive current rather than as of 03:30.
+     *
+     * `requestAnimationFrame` so the fetch is not competing with the first paint it is
+     * improving. Failure is silent by design: `hydrateMintGrid` does nothing at all
+     * unless it has a non-empty list in hand, and a correct-as-of-last-build grid is a
+     * far better answer to a flaky network than an error about a list already on screen.
+     *
+     * `apply()` afterwards re-applies whatever the reader had already set — a search
+     * they typed, a sort they picked, "hide offline" — against the new cards, so the
+     * refresh cannot undo an interaction that happened before it landed.
+     */
+    const hydrate = (): void => {
+      void hydrateMintGrid({
+        type: 'lnurl',
+        grid: grid!,
+        onReplaced: (fresh) => {
+          cards = fresh;
+          apply();
+        },
+      });
+    };
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => hydrate());
+
     onLeave(() => {
       for (const timer of leaving.values()) window.clearTimeout(timer);
       leaving.clear();
diff --git a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro
index db9e00d..89f6c45 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro
+++ b/web/src/pages/[...locale]/mints.astro
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 import Base from '../../layouts/Base.astro';
 import MintCard from '../../components/MintCard.astro';
 import ReviewByUrl from '../../components/ReviewByUrl.astro';
-import { readCapabilities } from '@cashumints/shared';
-import { fetchMint, fetchMints } from '../../lib/api';
+import { fetchMints } from '../../lib/api';
 import { localePath, useI18n, type Locale } from '../../i18n';
 import { itemListNode } from '../../lib/schema';
 import { isIndexableMint } from '../../lib/seo';
@@ -20,19 +19,18 @@ const { locale } = Astro.props;
 // `t` formats the numbers inside its own strings, so no separate formatter is needed.
 const t = useI18n(locale);
 
+/*
+  One request, no N+1.
+
+  This used to be `fetchMints()` followed by one `fetchMint(host)` per mint, purely to
+  read the two NUT switches behind the "melt only" and "frozen" chips. `MintListItem`
+  carries `capabilities` now, so the chips come off the same payload as everything else.
+  That was worth doing for the build — fifty-six requests down to one — and it was
+  necessary for the hydration below, which does the same read in every visitor's browser
+  and could not have done it fifty-six times.
+*/
 const mints = await fetchMints();
 
-/*
-  The list payload carries no NUT information, so the "melt only" and "frozen" chips
-  need each mint's cached info. One detail fetch per mint, at build time, against the
-  API on the same machine: the mint pages already do exactly this in getStaticPaths.
-  A mint whose detail cannot be read simply gets no chip.
-*/
-const capabilities = await Promise.all(
-  mints.map((mint) =>
-    fetchMint(mint.host).then((detail) => readCapabilities(detail.info?.nuts)).catch(() => null),
-  ),
-);
 const online = mints.filter((m) => m.status === 'online').length;
 const offline = mints.filter((m) => m.status === 'offline').length;
 
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ const schema = [
     </p>
 
     <div class="mint-grid" data-mint-grid>
-      {mints.map((mint, i) => <MintCard mint={mint} rank={i + 1} capabilities={capabilities[i]} />)}
+      {mints.map((mint, i) => <MintCard mint={mint} rank={i + 1} capabilities={mint.capabilities} />)}
     </div>
 
     <p class="no-results" data-no-results hidden>
@@ -232,6 +230,7 @@ const schema = [
 
 <script>
   import { wireCopyableIds } from '../../lib/client';
+  import { hydrateMintGrid } from '../../lib/mint-cards';
   import { useI18n } from '../../i18n/client';
   import { enterStagger, onLeave, prefersReducedMotion, onReady, swapText } from '../../scripts/reveal';
 
@@ -254,7 +253,15 @@ const schema = [
   const clearSearch = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('[data-clear-search]');
 
   if (grid && searchInput && sortSelect && hideOffline) {
-    const cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
+    /*
+     * Re-readable, not captured once.
+     *
+     * The grid is rebuilt from the live API a moment after paint (see the bottom of this
+     * block), so a `const cards` snapshot taken at setup would leave every control
+     * sorting and filtering elements that are no longer in the document — the search box
+     * would appear to do nothing at all.
+     */
+    let cards = [...grid.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('[data-mint-card]')];
     const num = (card: HTMLElement, key: string) => Number(card.dataset[key] ?? 0);
     const offlineRank = (card: HTMLElement) => (card.dataset['status'] === 'offline' ? 1 : 0);
 
@@ -405,6 +412,37 @@ const schema = [
     if (sort && sort in SORTS) sortSelect.value = sort;
     if (q || sort) apply();
 
+    /*
+     * The live list, one fetch after paint.
+     *
+     * Everything above this line operates on the prerendered grid, which is a copy of
+     * what this same endpoint returned when `astro build` ran. That copy is the first
+     * paint, it is what a crawler indexes, and it is the whole page for a reader with no
+     * JavaScript — so it stays, and this only ever replaces it with something newer.
+     * A mint indexed since the last build gets its card here; every card's rating,
+     * review count and status arrive current rather than as of 03:30.
+     *
+     * `requestAnimationFrame` so the fetch is not competing with the first paint it is
+     * improving. Failure is silent by design: `hydrateMintGrid` does nothing at all
+     * unless it has a non-empty list in hand, and a correct-as-of-last-build grid is a
+     * far better answer to a flaky network than an error about a list already on screen.
+     *
+     * `apply()` afterwards re-applies whatever the reader had already set — a search
+     * they typed, a sort they picked, "hide offline" — against the new cards, so the
+     * refresh cannot undo an interaction that happened before it landed.
+     */
+    const hydrate = (): void => {
+      void hydrateMintGrid({
+        type: 'cashu',
+        grid: grid!,
+        onReplaced: (fresh) => {
+          cards = fresh;
+          apply();
+        },
+      });
+    };
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => hydrate());
+
     onLeave(() => {
       for (const timer of leaving.values()) window.clearTimeout(timer);
       leaving.clear();